530 



Eckhoff, David W. , Neal E. Armstrong, and Martin Lang. 1971. 



Ecological factors in Jamaica Bay. In Advances in Water Pollution Research. 

 S. H. Jenkins (edj. Proc. 5th Internatl . Conf . , vol. 2. Internatl. Assn. 

 Water. Poll. Research: III-3/1-3/8. 



Data are given for benthic animal diversity index as a function of sediment 

 BOD. Organisms are not named, but it is known that Mercenaria mercenaria is 

 an important part of the benthos of the Bay (on Long Island, N.Y.). Despite 

 its proximity to New York City, Jamaica Bay had reasonably good dissolved 

 oxygen levels, and BOD values in the 1.5 to 2.5 mg/1 range, which was hardly 

 indicative of a highly polluted system, although coliform levels were high 

 and fisheries were depressed. - J.L.M. 



531 



Egyiid, Laszlo G. 1965. 



Studies on autobiotics : Chemical nature of retine. Proc. U.S. Natl. Acad. 

 Sci. 54 (1) : 200-202. 



Retine is a growth-inhibitor found in calf thymus, mushrooms, human urine, 

 and Mercenaria mercenaria. It is a natural keto-aldehyde, which is not 

 identical with methylglyoxal because its activity is considerably higher. 

 Isolation of retine is difficult, probably because alpha-keto-aldehydes are 

 very unstable. Retine inhibited growth of transplanted malign tumors. It 

 showed low polarity on gas chromatography. It appeared to contain a ketone 

 group. The biologically active molecule had a low boiling point and could 

 be partially distilled with chloroform, which indicated a small molecule. 

 It also dissolved readily in common organic solvents. Carcinostatic 

 activity of various glyoxal derivatives is known, and a great number have 

 been synthesized and tested. Most were carcinostatic toward certain tumors 

 and leukemia. One promoted cancerous growth under certain conditions, 

 which supports the possibility that promine and retine are closely similar. 

 The glyoxalase system acts on various a-keto-aldehydes as substrates, 

 transforming them into lactic acid or its analogs in presence of glutathione. 

 Glyoxalases , widely distributed among vegetable and animal tissues, including 

 microorganisms, do not appear to fit into any currently accepted systems of 

 carbohydrate metabolism. These enzymes may play a role in regulating cell 

 growth. - J.L.M. 



532 



Eisler, Ronald. 1970. 



Latent effects of insecticide intoxication to marine molluscs. Hydrobiologia 

 36(3-4): 345-352. 



Test animals were adult quahaugs, Mercenaria mercenaria, and mud snails, 



Nassa obsoleta, from Sandy Hook Bay, N.J. exposed to various concentrations 

 of 4 organochlorine insecticides and 4 organophosphorus compounds. All clams 

 survived exposure for 96 hrs to concentrations of up to 10 mg/1 of 

 organochlorine insecticides and up to 25 mg/1 of organophosphorus compounds. 

 By the 133rd day post-treatment all clams appeared unaffected except those 

 which had been exposed to 25 mg/1 DDVP. Of these, 2 of 3 died on the 3rd 

 and 4th days after treatment. The survivor died on day 62. Clams and 

 snails appeared to be more resistant than various marine teleosts and decapod 

 crustaceans. Treatment for 96 hrs, however, was not sufficient to evaluate 

 adequately the effects of some insecticides on mollusks. - J.L.M. 



533 



Eisler, R. 1972. 



Pesticide-induced stress profiles. In Marine Pollution and Sea Life. Mario 

 Ruivo (edj. Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London, p. 229-233. 



Obvious changes in stress profiles occurred when Mercenaria mercenaria were 

 exposed for 96 hrs to various concentrations of methoxychlor or malathion. 

 Results were quoted from a paper by Eisler and Weinstein (1967) , abstracted 

 elsewhere in this bibliography. - J.L.M. 



148 



