572 



Feng, S. Y., J. S. Feng, and T. Yamasu. 1977. 



Roles of Mytilus oorusous and Crassostrea gigas blood cells in defense and 

 nutrition. In Comparative Pathobiology . Vol. 3. Invertebrate Immune 

 Responses. Lee A. Bulla, Jr. and Thomas C. Cheng (edsj . Plenum Press, 

 New York , p. 31-67. 



Acid phosphatase was not present in lysosomes of Mercenaria mercenaria 

 (Janoff and Hawrylko, 1964) . - J.L.M. 

 573 



Feng, S. Y., E. Z. Steever, V., H. H. Haskin, and A. Hamwi . 1966. 



Activity of the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria , as a function of 

 temperature, salinity and water quality. Natl. Conf. Depuration, Kingston, 

 R.I., July 19-22, 1966 (abstract) , 2 p. (xerox). 



Activity of 2 clam stocks, from Raritan and Delaware Bays, was observed at 

 5 levels of temp and 6 levels of salinity. Criteria of activity were 

 closing and opening of valves, extension of siphons, probing of foot, 

 production of fecal strings, and pumping as detected by a suspension of 

 carmine particles. Winter clams from temps of 4° to 9°C and salinities of 

 17°/oo to 20°/°o, and summer clams from temps of 24° to 26°C and salinities 

 of 25°/oo to 27°/°o were the experimental animals. Clams were less 

 sensitive to temp than to salinity change, except for Raritan Bay summer 

 clams. At salinities less than 25°/°o these clams showed no activity 

 change with temp; at salinities above 25°/°° activity of Raritan Bay summer 

 clams was independent of salinity change. Winter clams of both stocks were 

 2 0% more active. Equations are given for combinations of temp and salinity 

 which produced the same response in the 2 clam stocks winter and summer. 

 Pumping rate was sensitive to water quality. The rate dropped 30% to 50% 

 during a phytoplankton bloom. In effluent water of a UV purification system 

 with a bottom made of a certain kind of plastic, pumping was first totally 

 inhibited, but later recovered slightly. (Abstracter's note: it is not 

 clear whether this abstract was published, or merely handed out at the 

 meeting.) - J.L.M. 



574 



Fernando, Henry E. 1952. 



Blocking of action of acetylcholine by barbiturates. Science 115(2976)- 

 43-46. 



In anesthetic doses all barbiturates inhibit convulsions caused by 

 strychnine poisoning, tetanus, and epilepsy. They have been used in 

 chemotherapy since 1912, but knowledge of mode of action has been scanty. 

 Barbiturates also are important antidotes for poisoning of insects and 

 mammals by chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides such as DDT and dieldrin. 

 Hearts of Venus mercenaria were used to study action of barbiturates on 

 actiyity of acetylcholine (ACh) . It is suggested that efficiency of 

 barbiturates as anticonvulsants depends mainly on their blocking of the 

 action of ACh. - J.L.M. 



575 



Field, G. W. 1909. 



A report upon the mollusk fisheries of Massachusetts. Wright and Potter 

 Printing Co., State Printers, Boston, 243 p., and numerous unnumbered plates. 



The introduction, by G. W. Field, occupies only the first 15 pages. Most of 

 the report comes under the title: The shellfisheries of Massachusetts: Their 

 present condition and extent, which occupies pages 16 to 233, by D. L. 

 Belding assisted by F. C. Lane. Pages 36 to 80 deal with quahaug, Venus 

 mercenaria. It was concluded that the quahaug fishery was declining. 

 Demand was increasing, prices rising, and more men entering the industry. 

 It was predicted that before long the industry would collapse. Overfishing 

 was identified as the cause, and quahaug farming as the remedy. Growth of 



161 



