the animal varies greatly with its location in relation to water currents. 

 Fast-growing hard clams, in better currents, grew from 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 inches 

 in a year. Average growth was between 1/2 and 3/4 inch/yr. The industry 

 and its trends are described in great detail. The report as a whole, 

 including the introductory section, advocates strongly that private control 

 of bottoms is the only logical method of management. Public control, 

 through uncoordinated efforts of communal ownership under town control, and 

 bad laws, were believed to be the major reason for declining shellfish 

 production. - J.L.M. 



576 



Field, I. A. 1922. 



The biology and economic value of the sea mussel, Mytilus edulis. Bull. 

 U.S. Bur. Fish. 38: 127-259. 



Listed in Brown (1950) in bibliography for Venus mevoenavia with reference 

 to chapter by Pierce, abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography. - J.L.M. 



577 



Fingerman, Milton. 1957. 



Lunar rhythmicity in marine organisms. Am. Nat. 91(858): 167-178. 



Mentions Bennett's 1954 paper, which demonstrated tidal and lunar rhythms 

 in opening and closing of Venus mevoenavia. - J.L.M. 



578 



Fischer, P. 1865. 



Acclimatation, en France, de Mollusques exotiques. J. Conchyl. 13: 65-66. 



According to Heppell (1961) Fischer reported an attempted introduction of 

 quahog in 1861 and 1863 in the Arcachon Basin. Clams when received were 

 in excellent condition, and in 1864 clams laid down in 1861 had grown by 

 about 2 cm. Later the clams disappeared, leaving no descendants. - J.L.M. 



579 



Fish, Charles J. 1927. 



Seasonal distribution of the plankton of the Woods Hole region. U.S. Fish 

 Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 41: 91-179. 



Later in July larvae of Venus (Mevoenavia) mevoenavia were found. These 

 remained 'throughout the summer and until late in the fall. - J.L.M. 



580 



Fishtein, Mark B. 1969. 



A preliminary investigation of the anti-carcinogenic properties of 

 mercenene. J. Amer. Osteopath Assn. 68(10): 1054-1056. 



"Crude extract" of raw Mevoenavia mevoenavia meats, including fluid inside 

 the valves, were administered to 4-week-old male albino mice of the Swiss- 

 Webster strain with sarcoma 180. Weights of tumors in experimental groups 

 were markedly less than in controls. Three mice of one group were not 

 killed, and were given injections of clam extract daily. In 2 of these 

 mice inhibition and regression of sarcoma 180 continued for 36 and 42 days, 

 respectively, which exceeded mean survival time of controls (27 days). 

 Tumor reappeared in both mice and death followed, possibly because some 

 tumor cells remained dormant. In the 3rd mouse, inhibition and regression 

 of the tumor was complete. Seven months after implantation of sarcoma 180 

 this mouse was alive and healthy, with no sign of tumor. It was concluded 

 that mercenene is of value in treatment of sarcoma 18 0. The work was to be 

 extended. - J.L.M. 



162 



