593 



Foehrenbach, Jack, Ghulam Mahmood, and Dennis Sullivan. 1971. 



Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in shellfish (Pelecypoda) from estuaries of 

 Long Island, New York. Pestic. Monit. J. 5(3): 242-247. 



From Oct 1968 to July 1970 shellfish samples were collected monthly from 10 

 estuaries along the north and south shores and eastern end of Long Island. 

 Six species of bivalve mollusk were examined, including Mercenaries mercenaria. 

 Of 9 compounds for which analyses were made, only DDT, DDE, DDD, and dieldrin 

 were found. At some stations species examined were not the same in all 

 months. Most samples were hard clam, but at some stations other species 

 were substituted, sometimes always. It was concluded that stations on the 

 north shore had higher residues than those on the south shore. Residue 

 levels varied between species: blue mussels had highest levels, hard clams 

 lowest. At stations 6 and 5, close to large agricultural areas, residues 

 were highest regardless of species. Hard clam has about the same concen- 

 tration factor for dieldrin as do other bivalve species. Agricultural use 

 contributed little to dieldrin residues, which were more frequent and 

 usually higher in areas near country clubs, estates, and large residences. 

 - J.L.M. 



594 



Foley, David A. 1972. 



Molluscan leukocytes as models for cellular defense. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci. 

 46: 13 (abstract) . 



Studies of in vitro phagocytosis of bacteria by granulocytes of Mercenaria 

 mercenaria are referred to but not described. - J.L.M. 



595 



Foley, David Allen. 1974. 



Studies on hemolymph cells of marine pelecypods. Ph.D. Thesis, Lehigh 

 Univ., Bethlehem, Pa., 208 p. 



Small numbers of granulocytes of Mercenaria mercenaria degranulate in vitro. 

 Electron microscopy showed 2 types of hemolymph cell in M. mercenaria , the 

 granulocytes of light microscopy, and agranular cells. Granulocytes 

 contained 3 organelles: 1) granules; 2) prominent Golgi apparati; and 3) 

 centrosomes. Granulocytes were associated with experimentally introduced 

 bacteria more often and to a greater degree than the other 3 types of 

 hemolymph cell. At 4°C no phagocytosis occurred. At 22° and 37°C 

 phagocytosis was extensive. Hemolymph cells of all types aggregated 

 rapidly in vitro at 20°C but not at 0°C. Aggregation also was influenced 

 by diva'lent cations. Activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, 

 and nonspecific esterase were demonstrated cytochemically in all 3 cell 

 types in M. mercenaria. Activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in 

 granulocytes were greater than in any of the other cell types. B- 

 glucuronidase activity was demonstrated in certain types of cell. Lysozyme , 

 a lysosomal hydrolase, was localized in hemolymph cells and serum of 

 M. mercenaria , but major part of the activity was in cells. Lysozyme is 

 relatively heat-stable, salt-dependent, and has an acidic optimal pH. - 

 modified from Dissertation Abstracts International 35(8), 1975: 4125B - J.L.M. 



596 



Foley, David A., and Thomas C. Cheng. 1974. 



Morphology, hematologic parameters, and behavior of hemolymph cells of the 

 quahaug clam, Mercenaria mercenaria. Biol. Bull. 146(3): 343-356. 



Live clams from Buzzards Bay, Mass. and Great (South) Bay, N.Y. were obtained 

 from a commercial source. Three morphological types of leucocyte were found. 

 These were similar in clams from the 2 areas. High variability in total cell 

 counts was taken as evidence of differences in total numbers of leucocytes 

 circulating in individual clams, hence differences in physiological state of 



166 



