624 



Gaddum, J. H., and M. K. Paasonen. 1955. 



The use of some molluscan hearts for the estimation of 5-hydroxytryptamine. 

 British J. Pharmacol. Chemother. 10(4): 474-483. 



The study was done principally to find a sensitive method for assay of 

 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in tissue extracts from mollusks living in 

 British marine waters. The heart of Spisula (Mactra) solida was found 

 most useful because it is much more easily available in Great Britain than 

 Venus mercenaria. Earlier work by others on Venus mercenaria is cited 

 frequently. These papers are abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography. 

 - J.L.M. 



625 



Gainey, L. F., Jr., and M. J. Greenberg. 1977. 



Physiological basis of the species abundance-salinity relationship in 

 molluscs: A speculation. Mar. Biol. 40(1): 41-49. 



626 



Galtsoff, Paul S. 1926. 



New methods to measure the rate of flow produced by the gills of oyster and 

 other molluscs. Science 63(1626): 233-234. 



The paper does not mention mollusks other than oysters, but it might be 

 assumed from the title that the methods could apply to hard clam. The 

 methods described allow collection of water after it has passed over the 

 gills, and measurement of rate of flow and pressure inside the gill cavity. 

 Valves are forced apart and held open by inserting a glass rod. A rubber 

 tube is inserted into the gill cavity and the spaces are packed with cotton. 

 The oyster is placed in a tank and water pumped through the tube is collected 

 in a graduate. Gill cavity pressure is measured by plugging the tube and 

 watching the level of water rise until equilibrium is reached. Experiments 

 showed that rate of flow was a function of temp, reaching a maximum at 25°C 

 and slowing with decrease in temp. At 7.6°C cilia were still beating but 

 no current was produced. At 5°C beating stopped. Counting phytoplankton 

 in the discharged water showed that more than 99.5% of diatoms and 

 dinof lagellates were caught by the gills. - J.L.M. 



627 



Galtsoff, Paul S. 1930. 



Biology and cultivation of shellfish. In Progress in Biological Inquiries, 

 1928. Rept. U.S. Comm. Fish., Washington, D.C., p. 732-737. 



628 



Galtsoff, Paul S. 1934. 



Anat. Rec. 60, suppl. 98: (Paper not seen). 



Sexual reaction of male Ostrea virginica is non-specific. It can be 

 provoked by sperm of Venus mercenaria, etc. - J.L.M. 



629 



Galtsoff, Paul S. 1964. 



The American oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin. U.S. Dept. Interior, Bur 

 Comm. Fish., Fish. Bull. 64, iii+480 p. 



Experiments on muscle extracts of Mercenaria mercenaria tend to support the 

 hypothesis that, parallel with the actomyosin system which produces initial 

 tension of the adductor muscle, there is a second, or paramyosin system, 

 capable of maintaining the tension developed by the first one by crystallization 

 of the paramyosin component caused by a pH shift within the muscle. This 

 can effectively freeze the adductor muscle at any state of contraction. In 



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