bivalve mollusks exchange of gases takes place primarily in the gills, but 

 the mantle also has a role in respiration. In M. meroenaria oxygen con- 

 sumption of the mantle was 11.73-15.52 mm3/hr/g of dry tissue, in the gills 

 815-912. Similar differences were observed in all seasons, though absolute 

 values differed. In bivalves with long and narrow siphons like Meroenaria, 

 water leaving the exhalent siphon probably has a uniform oxygen content. In 

 species lacking siphons the cloaca opens as a wide cone-shaped slot, and the 

 stream of water contains considerable and variable amounts of outside water, 

 depending on the distance from the epibranchial chamber. - J.L.M. 



630 



Galtsoff, Paul S., and H. R. Seiwell. 1928. 



Oyster bottoms of North Carolina. U.S. Bur. Fish., Econ. Circ. 66, 11 p. 



631 



Ganaros, Anthony E. 1954. 



On the ecology of Mya arenaria L. and Venus meroenaria L. in Maquoit Bay and 

 Falls Cove, Maine. Unpub . ms Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J. 



SUNY Library at Stony Brook was unable to verify this reference. Search 

 terminated. - J.L.M. 



632 



Ganong, W. F. 1890. 



Southern invertebrates on the shores of Acadia. Trans. Royal Soc . Canada 

 8(4) : 167-185. 



In all the southern part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and at certain other 

 sheltered and isolated points on the coasts of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, 

 and possibly Newfoundland, are certain groups of species of a distinctly 

 southern facies, mingled with northern forms. These southern forms all are 

 specifically identical with native forms to the south of Cape Cod, yet are 

 entirely cut off from them, except for similar small isolated colonies on 

 the coasts of Maine and Massachusetts. Venus meroenaria was one of these 

 southern species, having been reported from Gulf of St. Lawrence, Sable 

 Island, Halifax Harbor, St. Margaret's Bay and vicinity, St. Mary's Bay, 

 Casco Bay, and Massachusetts Bay. Venus meroenaria had been reported as 

 occurring on the whole coast of Nova Scotia, but that is too broad a state- 

 ment. Dredgings in the harbor of Portland, Maine, have shown deposits of 

 shells of V. meroenaria and other southern species, none of which is now 

 found alive there. In the Casco Bay region and near Damariscotta, Maine, 

 Indian shell-heaps contain large quantities of oyster and quahog shells, at 

 places where these mollusks are now entirely extinct or are very scarce and 

 small. Their persistence as living forms in these isolated places probably 

 depends on water temp in the reproductive season. Sable Island, which lies 

 directly in the path of the cold Labrador Current, has great sandy shoals 

 and very slight tides, so that the waters are heated by the sun, and this 

 is not mixed with colder waters, which are too slow on the shoals to supply 

 cold water fast enough. The origin of southern species in these isolated 

 spots can be explained only if it is assumed that they are survivors from 

 a time when marine climate was warmer. These matters are discussed in 

 some detail. - J.L.M. 



633 



Gardner, G. A. A. 1973. 



Shellfish farming progress. Fish. Ind. Res. 3(3): 2-4. 



Could not locate. Search terminated. - J.L.M. 



176 



