634 



Garrett, M. A., Jr., and L. G. Schifrin. 1977. 



Economic impacts of tropical storm Agnes in Virginia. In The effects of 

 tropical storm Agnes on the Chesapeake Bay Estuarine System. Chesapeake 

 Research Consortium, Inc. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore, CRC Pub. 

 54, p. 597-610. 



Hard clams, Meraenaria meraenaria, survived the fresh water of Agnes with 

 one prominent exception. Clams that had been relocated from the James River 

 to the York River and tributaries for cleansing suffered almost 100% mor- 

 tality. Since only relocated clams were affected, a combination of stress 

 and low salinity was apparently responsible. An estimated 7,0 35 bu of hard 

 clams were affected, a direct loss of $42,410. - J.L.M. 



635 



Garrey, Walter E. 1905. 



The osmotic pressure of sea water and the blood of marine animals. Biol. 

 Bull. 8: 257-270. 



Blood obtained by section of the foot of Venus me re en aria had the same 

 freezing point (1.82 G C below zero) as the seawater from which the clam 

 came. Therefore, their blood has the same osmotic pressure as seawater. 

 Dilution or concentration of aquarium water always causes an equivalent 

 change in the blood. - J.L.M. 



636 



Gasteiger, E. L. , John Gergen, and Paul Haake. 1955. 



A study of the distribution of homarine (N-methyl picolinic acid). Biol. 

 Bull. 109(3): 345-346. 



The quaternary ammonium compound homarine was found in Porifera, Coelenterata, 

 Ctenophora, Annelida, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Arthropoda. Maximum 

 concentrations were in arthropods and mollusks. Within the Mollusca Venus 

 and Pecten , tissues contained considerably less homarine than Loligo , Busycon, 

 and Nassa. The compound was not found in Vertebrata or in freshwater mollusks 

 and arthropods. It was suggested that homarine has an osmoregulatory 

 function. - J.L.M. 



637 



Gates, John M., and George C. Matthiessen. 1971. 



An economic perspective. In Aquaculture: A New England Perspective. Thomas 

 A. Gaucher (ed.) . New England Marine Resources Information Program, Sea Grant, 

 Univ. R.I., Narragansett , p. 22-50. 



Two biological and 3 economic criteria were used to rate species as potential 

 subjects for aquaculture in New England. Eleven species were rejected, 2 

 others were not subjected to further analysis after preliminary evaluation, 

 and 5, including Meraenaria meraenaria , were selected. Details were to be 

 developed as part of a continuing study. The concept of mixed systems was 

 abandoned for the moment. - J.L.M. 



638 



Gates, J. M. , G. C. Matthiessen, and C. A. Griscom. 1974. 



Aquaculture in New England. Univ. R.I., Sea Grant. Mar. Tech. Rept. Ser. 

 18, 77 p. 



The study was commissioned to establish economic, biological, and technical 

 criteria to evaluate suitability of certain species for commercial culture 

 in the region; to apply those criteria to species judged to be of present 

 or potential economic importance; and, for the most suitable species, to 

 define and analyze the most critical economic, biological, and technical 

 requirements for profitable culture, and the extent to which those 



