clams tested acceptable for human consumption at the end of a month they 

 were certified for harvest and sale; if not, they were held for additional 

 15-day periods until acceptable. Clammers were able to harvest 5,000 to 

 6,000 clams worth $50 per 1,000 on the first day at Manasquan. - J.L.M. 



644 



Geiser, John. 1978. 



Transplant setup puts life in N.J. clamming industry. Natl. Fisherman 

 59(8} : 31. 



The State Department of Environmental Protection has expanded the transplant 

 program to include any clammers who wish to participate. The program may 

 involve more than 150 bay clammers who will be able to earn $50 to $100 a 

 day. N.J. has been experimenting with transplanting Mercenaria mercenaria 

 from condemned to clean waters for 8 years. Clams are harvested under the 

 supervision of marine police and taken to unpolluted waters for 30 days. 

 - J.L.M. 



645 



Geiser, John. 1978. 



N.J. clammers in opposing camps as state drops transplant project. Natl. 

 Fisherman 59(2): 21. 



A state proposal to transplant hard clams from Monmouth County has been 



scrapped, and New Jersey's clammers have been divided into two opposing 



camps. Most clammers are heartbroken, but others wish to keep the clams 



in Monmouth County until the water is cleaned up or depuration plants are 

 built. - J.L.M. 



646 



George, W. C. 1952. 



The digestion and absorption of fat in lamellibranchs. Biol. Bull. 102(2): 

 118-127. 



Several lamellibranch species were used in these experiments, including 

 Mercenaria mercenaria , but no specific results are given for this clam. 

 Crassostrea virginica and Modiolus demissus were the principal experimental 

 animals, but it is assumed that the results and conclusions apply generally 

 also to hard clam. Emulsions of olive oil and peanut oil stained with Sudan 

 stains were fed to the bivalves, and also were mixed with mince of 

 crystalline styles and other parts. Samples of experimental material were 

 then examined to see if fat had been absorbed and how. Material was stained 

 with Nile blue sulfate to see if neutral fat had been split to fatty acid 

 and glycerine. Free droplets of neutral fat are hydrolyzed in the stomach. 

 Droplets of stained fat in the form of fatty acid appeared in large numbers 

 in ciliated epithelium of stomach and ducts of digestive gland, but none was 

 found in non-ciliated epithelium of alveoli of the digestive gland. Droplets 

 of emulsion were ingested by leucocytes in the lumen of the gut. Neutral fat 

 in leucocytes was hydrolyzed. Evidence of passage of leucocytes with 

 ingested fat back into blood spaces or tissues was lacking. Emulsion 

 injected into the cavity of the heart or mixed in hanging drops of blood was 

 ingested by leucocytes. Hydrolysis occurred in blood cells. Evidence of 

 hydrolysis of neutral fat by plasma was lacking. Neutral fat was hydrolysed 

 in stained emulsion mixed with minced styles. Sometimes hydrolysis took 

 place in emulsion mixed with minced digestive gland, sometimes not. Evidence 

 for deposition of stained fat in tissues was lacking. - modified author's 

 summary - J.L.M. 



647 



Gerschenfeld, H. M. 1964. 



A non-cholinergic synaptic inhibition in the central nervous system of a 

 mollusc. Nature 203(4943): 415-416. 



180 



