653 



Giese, Arthur C. 1966. 



Lipids in the economy of marine invertebrates. Physiol. Rev. 46(2): 

 244-298. 



Lipid levels in bivalves usually are considerably lower than in chitons. 

 Mercenaria (Venus) mercenaria is not mentioned. - J.L.M. and M.W.S. 



654 



Gilmour, T. H. J. 1974. 



The structure, ciliation, and function of the lips of some bivalve molluscs. 

 Can. J. Zool. 52(3): 335-343. 



The 12 species described, all members of subclass Pteriomorphia, all have 

 devices to prevent swallowing of excess water. It is suggested that in all 

 bivalves water currents are generated by the food-collecting apparatus. 

 Echinoderms have gill slits to allow excess water to escape, and this has 

 had great evolutionary implications, but in bivalves the mechanism is less 

 conspicuous. Venus (Mercenaria) mercenaria is not mentioned, but the 

 conclusions are generally applicable. - J.L.M. and M.W.S. 



655 



Ginsburg, Robert N., and Heinz A. Lowenstam. 1958. 



The influence of marine bottom communities on the depositional environment 

 of sediments. J. Geol. 66(3): 310-318. 



656 



Ginter, Jay J. C. 1974. 



Marine fisheries conservation in New York State: Policy and practice of 

 marine fisheries management. 2 vols. Thesis presented in partial fulfill- 

 ment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science, State Univ. 

 of N.Y: 1-21, II-5, iii-83; vol. 2, vi + 64 p. 



A compilation of legislation enacted in the State on fishery matters and an 

 analysis of the impact of these laws. It is concluded that the State has 

 no cohesive fishery management policy which presents long-range objectives. 

 New York cannot manage its living resources without such a plan, which 

 includes adequate information on all fishing activities, and adequate 

 cooperation from other states. - J.L.M. 



6 57 



Glancy, Joseph B. 1947. 



History of the shellfish industry in Great South Bay, New York. Part I. 

 Unpub. (?) ms., 11 p. 



This manuscript deals primarily with oysters and the oyster industry, but 

 important information on hard clam is included. Hard clams have been taken 

 in abundance, particularly since March 1931, when a new inlet broke through 

 to Moriches Bay, the neighboring bay to the east, which connects with Great 

 South Bay. This produced great environmental changes in Great South Bay, 

 unfavorable for oyster production but favorable to hard clam. Baymen did 

 not confine themselves to one shellfish species, but shifted from one to 

 another as market conditions, season, and relative abundance changed. Most 

 hard clamming was in summer, mostly in the middle and western part of the 

 Bay. From the early 1800s to 1931 oysters and clams would reproduce and 

 set in the eastern part of the Bay and live, but grew slowly and usually 

 were not fat. Waters were too fresh and tidal currents too slow. Conditions 

 in the western part of the Bay were more suitable for growth and fattening 

 but young set was more readily destroyed. (Abstracter's note: presumably 

 from predation.) As early as 1789 the towns on the Bay were wrestling with 

 shellfish problems. In that year the Brookhaven Town Trustees ruled that 

 no oysters or clams should be taken by non-inhabitants of the Town. They 



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