669 



Glude, John B. 1966. 



Criteria of success and failure in the management of shellf isheries. Trans. 

 Am. Fish. Soc. 95(3): 260-263. 



The paper deals with oyster and razor clam fisheries of Washington State, 

 oyster fishery of Chesapeake Bay, and soft shell clam fishery of New England. 

 Criteria for evaluating successful management are common to all, and to 

 Meroenaria mercenaria and other bivalves: 1) that the resource can be 

 harvested at a profit; 2) that the resource is maintained at a level to 

 produce maximum sustained economic yield; and 3) each participant has an 

 opportunity to obtain an adequate share of the harvest. Recreational and 

 commercial shellf isheries are evaluated. - J.L.M. 



670 



Glude, John B. 1968. 



Management and development of molluscan resources on the Pacific coast of the 

 United States. Proc. Symp. Mollusca, Cochin, India, Pt. 3: 890-898. 



671 



Glude, John B. 1974. 



Recent developments in shellfish culture on the U.S. Pacific coast. In 

 Proc. 1st. U.S. -Japan Meeting Aquacult. U. S . Dept. Commerce, NOAA Tech. Rept. 

 NMFS Circ. 388, p. 89-95. 



Hard clams are defined as Tivela stultorum, Protothaca staminea, Saxidomus 

 nut-tali, and Tapes semideaussata. It is not clear from the context whether 

 or not the author also includes Siliqua patula in the hard clam category. 

 (Abstracter's note: although Mercenaria meroenaria has been introduced on 

 the west coast of the United States, and quantities are now being produced 

 commercially by a hatchery in California, the species is not mentioned in 

 this paper.) - J.L.M. 



672 



Glude, John B. (edj . 1977. 



NOAA aquaculture plan. U.S. Dept. Commerce, Natl. Oceanic Atmosph. Admin., 

 Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv. and Off. Sea Grant, vi+41 p. 



World aquaculture production has about doubled in the last 5 yrs and 

 produces about 6x106 metric tons, or about 10% of world fish production. 

 In the U.S. only 3% of landings and 2% of total consumption of fishery 

 products comes from private aquaculture. Solution of some biological, 

 technological, institutional, or marketing problems could lead to increased 

 U.S. production. Expansion of aquaculture will require coordinated efforts 

 of Federal and state agencies, universities, and private industry. NOAA 

 proposes to take the lead in these efforts. Meroenaria mercenaria is 

 listed with medium-priority species, which have distinct potential for 

 aquaculture but have not reached commercial production for one reason or 

 another. Private aquaculture ventures are located on Long Island, N.Y., 

 Wilmington, N.C., and several other places. From the context, it is not 

 apparent that the writer realized that 5 hatcheries on Long Island were 

 rearing hard clam until recently. The operation described raises hard 

 clam and oyster in a hatchery and holds young in trays in the warm effluent 

 of a power plant to accelerate growth. At appropriate size clams then are 

 planted on private beds. The operation was too new to determine economic 

 success. The same company also selectively harvests natural clam sets from 

 its beds and sometimes moves seed clams to areas where growth and survival 

 are better. The N.C. venture has a hatchery capable of producing more than 

 4 million seed clams for sale or planting. It was too soon to judge 

 economic success. The State of Virginia produces seed clams in its hatchery 

 at Wachapreague. Survival has been improved by placing coarse material like 

 gravel on beds before planting. This procedure did not work in Fla. A Sea 

 Grant program at Univ. of Del. cultures clams using artificially produced 



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