688 



assume that whole clams were weighed because shucking was not mentioned.) 

 Standing crops averaged over large areas were: Saxidomus 46 to 1,144 g/m 2 , 

 Protothaea to 448 g/m 2 . Lower values for Protothaea reflect smaller size 

 of clams rather than lower abundance. Average weights of commercial-sized 

 clams were 151 to 161 g and 39 to 45 g respectively. Altogether, 25 species 

 were taken. Mereenaria mereenaria was not included. - J.L.M. 



Gordon, J., and M. R. Carriker. 1978. 



Growth lines in a bivalve mollusk: Subdaily patterns and dissolution of the 

 shell. Science 202 (4367): 519-521. 



Scanning electron micrographs of sections of the prismatic shell of the 

 bivalve Mereenaria mereenaria show narrow subdaily growth striations. The 

 width of these narrow lines, formed by concentrations of organic material, 

 corresponds to the quantity of shell material that would be expected to 

 dissolve during periods of anaerobic metabolism. The pH in the extrapallial 

 fluid decreases when the valves are closed, and the amount of dissolution 

 of shell is related to the duration of valve closure. - from authors' 

 abstract - J.L..M. 



689 



Gosselin, Robert E. 1958. 



Influence of viscosity on metachronal rhythm of cilia. Fed. Proc. 17: 372 

 (abstract 1468) . 



The work was done with Mytilus and Modiolus . Mereenaria mereenaria is not 

 mentioned. - J.L.M. and M.W.S. 



690 



Gould, Augustus A. 1870. 



Report on the Invertebrate, of Massachusetts. 2nd edition, comprising the 

 Mollusca. W. G. Binney (ed.) Wright and Potter, State Printers, Boston. 

 Venus mereenaria: 133-134; Venus notata: 135-136. 



The section on V. m 

 of morphology of va 

 to Boston market 

 supersedes Mya aren 

 abundance in all th 

 Massachusetts Bay 

 Island, Prince Edwa 

 the common name in 

 The section on V. n 

 local variety of V 

 V. praeparea is des 

 missing. - J.L.M 



ereenaria includes the synonymy and a detailed description 

 Ives. Brought from Wellfleet and other towns on Cape Cod 

 More abundant in the south, and in N.Y. and Phila. markets 

 aria almost completely. It may be found in variable 

 e region of Cape Cod, and scantily in all parts of 



Maine coast far to the east of Portland; Halifax, Sable 

 rd Island, Fishing Banks; Gulf of St. Lawrence. Quahog is 

 Mass. A footnote describes the derivation of the word. 

 otata is similar. It is recognized that this may be a 



mereenaria , but some consistent differences are noted, 

 cribed as the same as V. notata but with zigzag lines 



691 



Gracy, Robert C. 1976. 



Survey of South Carolina's hard clam Mereenaria mereenaria resource. 

 Natl. Shellf. Assn. 66: 101-102 (abstract). 



Proc. 



Shortage of hand labor, regulations prohibi 

 lack of knowledge of subtidal clam beds, an 

 clamming an incidental fishery in the oyste 

 a survey in areas not leased to oyster plan 

 inclusive. Eighteen thousand yd 2 samples h 

 mercially valuable clam beds have been loca 

 tongs. Information was gathered on species 

 location, bottom type, and water depth. Exp 

 harvesting was permitted in 1974-75. Clam 

 lbs over the previous season. - J.L.M. 



ting most mechanical harvesting, 

 d limited local markets have made 

 r industry in S.C. The State made 

 ters from Mar 1973 to June 1975 

 ave been inspected and 4 com- 

 ted. Sampling was with patent 



of clam, numbers, sizes, 

 erimental mechanical clam 

 landings increased by 1.4 million 



193 



