of the worm induces the feeding response. Juice from My a arenaria contains 

 several substances which elicit the response: the amino acids serine, 

 tyrosine, valine, and phenylalanine; and a larger molecule of about 17,000 

 to 20,000 molecular weight. This larger molecule is not present in 

 Meraenaria meraenaria. The molecule is believed to be a polypeptide, but 

 other possibilities exist. - J.L.M. 



696 



Grassle, Judith P. 1976. 



The genetic component of variable growth and survival in seed quahogs. In 

 Marine Resources Development and Management. A Report on the Woods Hole 

 Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant Program for July 1975-June 1976. NOAA 

 Sea Grant 04-6-158-44016. Dean F. Bumpus (coordinator): 6. 



Four enzyme systems have been found by electrophoretic techniques in 

 hatchery stocks and wild populations of Meraenaria meraenaria. These 

 represented 7 distinct polymorphic genetic loci: PHI, LAP 1, LAP 2, TO, 

 PGM 1, PGM 2, and PGM 3. - J.L.M. 



697 



Grave, Caswell. 1905. 



Investigations for the promotion of the oyster industry of North Carolina. 

 In U.S. Comm. Fish and Fisheries, Part XXIX. Rept. of the Commissioner for 

 the year ending June 30, 1903: 247-315, 6 pis. 



Venus (Meraenaria) meraenaria is not mentioned. - J.L.M. 



698 



Greenberg, M. J. 1958. 



The action of indoles on the heart of Venus meraenaria. Ph.D. Thesis, 

 Harvard Univ. 



Not available in Dissert. Abstr. Internatl. - M.W.S. 



699 



Greenberg, M. J. 1960. 



The responses of the Venus heart to catechol amines and high concentrations 

 of 5-hydroxytryptamine . British J. Pharmacol. Chemother. 15(5): 365-374. 



Catechol amines have a characteristic excitation effect on isolated heart of 

 Venus meraenaria. This response was not obtained with phenethylamine, 

 tyramine, ephedrine, mescaline, histamine, or basic n-alkylamines. 5- 

 hydroxytryptamine (5HT) had a distinctive effect at high concentrations 

 (above 3x1 -6 M) different from that at lower doses. At high concentrations 

 the response was dominated by increase in muscle tone. Hearts exposed to 

 high concentrations of 5HT and other tryptamine analogs for long periods 

 became tachyphylactic to low doses of these substances. High doses of 5HT 

 still excited the tachyphylactic heart but the response was like that to 

 catechol amines. When high bath temps (equivalent to summer temp) made the 

 heart insensitive to 5HT, high concentrations of 5HT again had the catechol 

 amine effect. Catechol amines have been found in ganglia of V. meraenaria , 

 which suggests strongly that catechol amines have a role in normal 

 functioning of Venus , specifically in seasonal variations in performance of 

 the heart. Results of the study also provided new methods for testing 

 specificity of action of excitatory compounds. - J.L.M. 



700 



Greenberg, M. J. 1960. 



Structure-activity relationship of tryptamine analogues on the heart of 

 Venus meraenaria. British J. Pharmacol. Chemother. 15(5): 375-388. 



Isolated ventricle of Venus meraenaria is highly sensitive to 5- 

 hydroxytryptamine (5HT) , hence was an excellent preparation for study of 

 effects of various indole analogs and other excitor agents. Specific 

 activity of tyramine and phenethylamine and non-specific excitatory action 

 of indole and skatole showed that the indole ring is neither necessary nor 



195 



