734 



735 



Gustafson, Alton H. 1955. 



Growth studies in the quahaug, Venus mercenaria. Proc. Natl. Shellf. Assn. 

 45: 140-150. 



Hard clam grows from tide levels to at least 50 ft depth. Brunswick is the 

 center of clam digging in Maine. Despite its abundance and commercial 

 importance, surprisingly few studies of its ecology or growth have been made. 

 In one year at one site clams planted at 17 mm increased 17 mm; 27 mm clams 

 increased by 18.13 mm; 37 mm clams increased 14.85 mm; 57 nun clams increased 

 12.37 mm; and 77 mm clams increased 6.52 mm. At another site initial size 

 and increments were: 18 mm - 13.6 mm; 28 mm - 14.71 mm; 38 mm - 11.79 mm. 

 Data from other areas in the State show considerable local differences. In 

 general, growth in Me. is greater than Prince Edward Is., equal to or greater 

 than in Mass., and greater than in R.I. Seasonally in Me. growth began in 

 late Mar or early Apr and ceased by 1 Dec. Percentage of total year's growth 

 was greatest from mid-July to mid-Sept, which is later than in R.I. - J.L.M. 



Gustafson, Alton H. 1962. 



Growth and ecological studies on the quahog, Mercenaria mereenaria. Proc. 

 Natl. Shellf. Assn. 51, August 1960: iii. 



Listed by title only. - J.L.M. 



736 



737 



Gustafson, A. H., and Dana E. Wallace. 1962. 



Observations on the post-setting fate of natural populations of quahogs in 

 Maine. Proc. Natl. Shellf. Assn. 51, August 1960: iii. 



Listed by title only. - J.L.M. 



Hackney, Anne Gray. 1944. 



List of Mollusca from around Beaufort, N. Carolina, with notes on Tethys. 

 Nautilus 58 (2) : 56-64. 



The area is interesting because it is far enough south for many Florida 

 species to live, and far enough north for those of the Virginian Province. 

 Venus mereenaria was very common; V._ mercenaria notata not common, but 

 living specimens sometimes found; and V. aampeohiensis much less common 

 than V. mercenaria. - J.L.M. 



738 



Hale, Stephen S. 1976. 



The role of benthic communities in the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles of an 

 estuary. In Mineral cycling in Southeastern Ecosystems. F. G. Howell, 

 J. B. Gentry, and M. H. Smith (edsj ERDA Symposium Series 1975. (CONF- 

 740513): 291-308. Univ. R.I. Mar. Reprint 57. 



Station C was on sandy silt and was dominated by quahog {Mercenaria 

 mercenaria) . It was situated at about 41°30'N. 71°25'W. Benthic oxygen 

 uptake as a function of temperature was 2.25 temp. +11. 19 with no differences 

 between communities; benthic ammonia release as a function of temp, was 

 12.26 temp. -48.78 for Ampelisca, 6.52 temp. -19. 70 for Nephthys-Nucula, and 

 8.66 temp. -34. 09 for Mercenaria, with Ampelisca significantly greater than 

 the other two; benthic ammonia release as a function of oxygen uptake was 

 0.09 2 -25.72, with no significant differences between communities; benthic 

 phosphate release as a function of temp, was 2.28 temp. -14. 34 for Ampelisca, 

 1.27 temp. -4. 99 for Nephthys-Nucula, and 1.01 temp. -9. 04 for Mercenaria, 

 with the slope for Ampelisca significantly greater than for Nephthys-Nucula 



206 



