782 



Harry, Harold W. 1968. 



An alternate view on the phylogeny of the Mollusca. In Proc. Symp. 

 Mollusca, Pt. 1. Mar, Biol. Assn. India, Mandapam Camp: 170-187. 



The phylogeny of the Mollusca to class level is traced by noting the advent, 

 modification, and loss of particular characters, relative to similar courses 

 of events of numerous other characters. Incipient segmentation in ancestral 

 stages is assumed. Bivalvia arose from Probivalvia by losing the radula, 

 labial, and buccal commissures; reduction of ganglia to cerebrals, pedals, and 

 viscerals. Obliteration of segmentation left a single pair of gills which 

 became suspended by a muscular septum, which on contraction caused a pumping 

 action. Lips of the mouth were further pulled out to form labial palps, 

 which at first had an appendage which gathered food from the substrate. A 

 byssal gland appeared in the foot, or perhaps only beyond the protobranchs. 



- J.L.M. 



783 



Harry, Harold W. 1976. 



Correlation of benthic Mollusca with substrate composition in lower 

 Galveston Bay, Texas. Veliger 19(2): 135-152. 



Meraenaria meraenaria was collected, but not discussed. Abundance was 

 highest at stations at which the percentage of sand/shell was 80 or higher. 



- J.L.M. 



784 



Harshbarger, J. C, S. C. Chang, and S. V. Otto. 1975. 



Chlamydia infections in clams. 2. Ultrastructure of the Chlamydia and an 

 infecting virus. Soc . Invertebr. Pathol., Ann. Meeting (8th). Corvallis, 

 Oregon: 29 (abstract) . 



We assume that the following paper (#785) contains essentially the same 

 information in greater detail. - J.L.M. 



785 



Harshbarger, John C, Sing Chen Chang, and Sara V. Otto. 1977. 



Chlamydiae (with phages), mycoplasmas, and rickettsiae in Chesapeake Bay 

 bivalves. Science 196(4290): 666-668, ill. 



Meraenaria meraenaria from the Chesapeake Bay area contained amorphous, 

 basophilic, finely granulated intracytoplasmic inclusions in digestive 

 tubule cells. Examination by transmission electron microscopy detected 

 pleomorphic bodies representing the 3 life stages of chlamydia in each 

 inclusion: 1) large, round to oval, 400-900 nm, double membrane -bound, 

 germinal initial bodies containing fine reticular strands of nucleic acid 

 and a peripheral layer of ribosomes; 2) lobulated, 400-600 nm, contracted 

 intermediate bodies with a nucleoid core, peripheral ribosomes, and 

 corrugated double plasma membrane; and 3) small, round, dense 200-300 nm 

 infectious elementary bodies. Some chlamydiae contain phage particles 

 50 nm in diam in a crystal lattice array. Corroborative fluorescent 

 antibody analyses remain to be done. Because hard clam and other species 

 examined (soft clam and American oyster) are eaten raw, these findings have 

 important public health significance. Bivalves may be alternate hosts for 

 zoonotic chlamydial, rickettsial, and mycoplasmal microorganisms. Discovery 

 also of a chlamydial phage suggests a potential control mechanism. - J.L.M. 



217 



