clams in mud bottom. The Sandy Hook Bay populations were predominantly of 

 smaller sizes. Dredge hauls in the Raritan Bay area had very little trash. 

 Sandy Hook Bay was covered with macaroni mud, tubes of a burrowing arthropod, 

 that interfered with dredging but was seasonal in occurrence. Smaller areas 

 of high clam abundance north and west of Keansburg have shelly, trashy, 

 bottom, but not enough to preclude efficient clamming. Figures in the survey 

 are minimal. The survey was designed to cover the Bay area extensively and 

 not intensively. Sampling was not sufficient to locate all areas, and some 

 may have been missed entirely. Lower proportions of small clams may have 

 been a consequence of the sampling gear, which did not catch some necks and 

 undersized clams. - (Abstracter's note: the figures were not included with 

 the copy we received, and we did not think it worthwhile to get thenO 

 J.L.M. 



795 



Haskin, Harold H. 1964. 



The distribution of oyster larvae. In Symposium on Experimental Marine 

 Ecology. Nelson Marshall, Harry P. Jeffries, Theodore A. Napora, and John 

 McN. Sieburth (eds.) Univ. R.I., Grad . School Oceanogr., Kingston, Occ . 

 Pub. 2: 76-80. 



Gradually increasing salinities will stimulate older stage oyster larvae to 

 swim. With decreasing salinity larvae tend to remain quiescent on the bot- 

 tom. These responses may be affected by light conditions, which should be 

 noted in interpreting results of laboratory experiments. These responses 

 to salinity can help to explain how larvae remain in an estuary under the 

 influence of a net flow of water seaward. Mevcenaria mercenaria is not 

 mentioned. - J.L.M. 



796 



Hastings, Louise B. 1976. 



Index to the taxonomic names in Edwin A. Joyce, Jr., 1972, A partial 

 bibliography of oysters, with annotations. Fla. Dept. Nat. Resources, Mar. 

 Research Lab., St. Petersburg. Suppl. to Spec. Sci. Rept. 34, 40 p. 



This is a useful adjunct to the bibliography cited, which contains 4117 

 titles, mostly abstracted, with a subject index. Scientific names of non- 

 molluscan species also are indexed. - J.L.M. 



797 



Haven, Dexter. 1970. 



A study of the hard and soft clam resources of Virginia. U.S. Fish Wildl. 

 Serv., Comm. Fish. Resources Devel . Act, Final Contract Rept., 69 p. 



Hard clams (Meroenaria mercenaria) grov; slowly in parts of Chesapeake Bay. 

 Off Gloucester Point it may take 4 to 5 yrs to grow to commercial size 

 (1 1/2 to 2 inches) . Growth in James River is more rapid and commercial 

 sizes may be reached in 4 yrs. Most clams collected were large, 2 1/2 to 

 4 inches long. Clams from 1 to 2 inches were relatively much less abundant. 

 If large numbers of young had been added each yr, small sizes would be more 

 abundant. Predation or competition may be significant factors in the sparse 

 populations. At Gloucester Point only a few small clams are added in several 

 yrs. In Hampton Roads, however, young are entering in considerable numbers. 

 Recovery of a depleted hard clam bed might take 5 to 10 yrs in certain places. 

 In areas of moderate or high recruitment clams may be harvested at higher 

 rates. Working the bottom with a hydraulic escalator dredge did not 

 measurably increase the set. Yorktown had only slightly higher maximum 

 rate of recruitment, 0.7 clams/yd 2 /yr . The replacement rate of various 

 grounds should be carefully considered before opening up to hydraulic 

 dredging. - J.L.M. 



221 



