829 



Hibbert, C. J. 1977. 



Energy relations of the bivalve Mercenaria mercenaria on an intertidal 

 mudflat. Mar. Biol. 44(1): 77-84. 



From measurements of filtration rate and oxygen consumption, growth and 

 survivorship, an energy budget was constructed. The mudflat was about 6 

 hectares. Estimated consumption of 1,292 kcal/m^/yr was deposited mainly 

 as feces and pseudofeces (759 kcal) or excreted (160 kcal) ; 29% (374 kcal) 

 was assimilated of which 241 kcal were used for respiration, 72 kcal for 

 flesh production, and 61 kcal for gamete production. M. mercenaria 

 contributed significantly to other trophic groups in Southampton Water. 

 Predators removed an estimated 55 kcal/m2/yr, and the scavenger/decomposer 

 chain took 829 kcal. Water temp varied from. a low in Feb (av temp 6.5°C) 

 to high in Sept (av temp 18.9°C). Filtration rates varied directly with 

 shell length and temp. Annual mortality in the population was calculated 

 to be 12 5.4 kcal/m2/yr. - J.L.M. 



830 



Hidu, Herbert. 1965. 



Effects of synthetic surfactants on the larvae of clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) 

 and oysters (Crassostrea virginica) . J. Water Poll. Control Fed. 37(2): 262- 

 270. 



Clam larvae were exposed to 8 surfactants in various concentrations. Cationic 

 surfactants were the most toxic, anionic surfactants were intermediate in 

 toxicity, and nonionics were least toxic. Surfactants ranging from 0.01-5.00 

 mg/1 with a mean concentration of 1.44 mg/1, significantly reduced survival of 

 developing embryos and growth and survival of developed veliger larvae. 

 Development of fertilized eggs was halted at lower concentrations than con- 

 centrations causing mortality of veliger larvae. - D.L. 



831 



Hidu, Herbert. 1972. 



A working bibliography of Maine aquaculture. Univ. Me. Sea Grant Progr. , 

 Ira C. Darling Ref. 72-10, 94 p. 



This is a preliminary working list, not checked for accuracy. References to 

 Mercenaria (Venus) mercenaria are abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography. 

 - J.L.M. 



832 



Hidu, Herbert. 1978. 



Setting of estuarine invertebrates in Delaware Bay, New Jersey, related to 

 intertidal-subtidal gradients. Internatl . Rev. Gesamten Hvdrobiol. 63(5): 

 637-662. 



833 



Hidu, Herbert, and James E. Hanks. 1968. 



Vital staining of bivalve mollusk shells with alizarin sodium monosulfonate. 

 Proc. Natl. Shellf. Assn. 58: 37-41, ill. 



Post-metamorphic Mercenaria mercenaria, placed in a 5-20 ppm alizarin sodium 

 monosulfonate solution and seawater, deposited red shell material which 

 remained as a red band after removal from the solution. Larval M. mercenaria 

 treated with 0.25-0.75 ppm alizarin for 48 hours produced check marks on 

 shells. Markings persisted for the length of the study (18 months) and may 

 be useful in ecological studies. - D.L. 



232 



