874 



Horton, Donald B. 1971. 



Conference recommendations. In Aquaculture : A New England Perspective. 

 Thomas A. Gaucher (ed.) . New England Marine Resources Information Program, 

 Sea Grant, Univ. R.I., Narragansett : 1-6. 



Two panels evaluated species for commercial aquaculture potential. The 

 technical panel concentrated attention on high priced species and used growth 

 rate, conversion efficiency, availability of food, hardiness, simplicity of 

 larval development, and whether or not the species was indigenous, as criteria. 

 The economic panel evaluated species on the basis of market volume, price, and 

 price flexibility, and concentrated on species with best potential for 

 increasing regional income. One panel chose 7 species as best, the other 

 chose 6. Mercenaria mercenaria was on both lists. - J.L.M. 



875 



Hoskin, George P., and Somsong P. Hoskin. 1977. 



Partial characterization of the hemolymph lipids of Mercenaria mercenaria 

 (Mollusca: Bivalvia) by thin-layer chromatography and analyses of serum 

 fatty acids during starvation. Biol. Bull. 152(3): 373-381. 



In 12 specimens of Mercenaria mercenaria from Barnegat Bay, N.J. , serum 

 fractions contained sterols (81%), free fatty acids (6%), sterol esters (11%), 

 and triglyceride (2%) . Absolute amounts of cholesterol and triglyceride were 

 5.2 to 7.5 mg/100 ml and about 1 mg/100 ml, respectively. More total lipid and 

 nearly all triglyceride were in cell fraction of hemolymph. Cholesterol was 

 18% of hemolymph cell sterols and 13% of serum sterols. Sera of M. mercenaria 

 taken in March and June from Buzzards Bay, Mass. contained at least 22 fatty 

 acids, of which the most important in order of decreasing abundance were 

 c 20:5/ Ci6:0» C22:6, Ci8:l,and C20=l. Starved clams had relatively greater 

 amounts of C]_6:0» c 16:l» c 18:0, and c 18:l and reduced levels of C20:l and c 20:5- 

 c 20:5 was 20% lower on day 30 than on day 0. - from authors' summary - J.L.M. 



876 



Houser, Leroy S. (edj . 1965. 



National Shellfish Sanitation Program Manual of Operations. Part 1. 

 Sanitation of Shellfish Growing Areas. 1965 revision. U.S. Dept. Health, 

 Educ. Welfare, Pub. Health Serv. , Div. Envir. Eng. Food Prot. , Shellf. Sanit. 

 Br., Washington, D.C. Pub. 33, 32 p. 



No specific mention of Mercenaria (Venus) mercenaria, but clams are mentioned. 

 The procedures described apply to all edible shellfish species and shellfish 

 harvesting grounds. Among other things, it is pointed out that shellfish from 

 water having a median coliform MPN not exceeding 70/100 ml, and which is also 

 protected against chance contamination with fecal material, will not be 

 involved in spreading disease which can be attributed to initial contamination 

 of shellfish. This is not surprising because a water MPN of 70/100 ml is 

 equivalent to a dilution ratio of about 8 million ft-* of coliform-free 

 water/day for fecal material from each person contributing sewage to the area. 

 - M.W.S. and J.L.M. 



877 



Hoyaux, J., R. Gilles, and Ch. Jeuniaux. 1976. 



Osmoregulation in molluscs of the intertidal zone. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 

 53(4A) : 361-365. 



Three gastropod and 3 bivalve species were used, but not Mercenaria. 

 Experimental mollusks behaved as poikilosmotic animals when acclimated 

 gradually to diluted media. When transferred directly to the more dilute 

 medium they reacted by a "shell-closing" mechanism. - J.L.M. 



245 



