investigation shows that the area should be classified as "conditionally 

 approved" because of intermittent sewage treatment plant failure or other 

 adverse conditions. In 1975 FDA proposed Shellfish Safety Regulations that 

 included growing area standards. Strong opposition prevented their acceptance. 

 But court cases have upheld the closures in 1942 and 1977 in New York. The 

 significance of the standard and the concept that the public health interest 

 is served by controlling quality of growing area waters was supported. 

 State agencies could not afford to test every lot of shellfish harvested 

 from their waters for bacterial and viral pathogens. We do not have an 

 acceptable procedure for detection and enumeration of the most significant 

 pathogen, the infectious hepatitis virus. There is not a State program in 

 existence which could offer safe raw shellfish on the basis of lot by lot 

 certification by sampling for pathogens, nor is it economically feasible to 

 examine thousands of water samples for enteric pathogens even on a monthly 

 basis. The validity of NSSP microbiological standards has been challenged 

 throughout the history of the program, and efforts will continue. In view 

 of the increased stress on estuaries, it is unfortunate that this is so. 

 As the courts have stated, the shellf isherman ' s problem is the encroachment 

 of pollution, not the growing area standard. - J.L.M. 



8 88 



Hurst, John W. , Jr. 1952. 



Quahaug propagation studies in Maine. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. , 3rd Ann. Conf. 

 Clam Research: 12-14. 



In the vicinity of Brunswick, Me. the quahaug population is very limited and 

 good sets are obtained only every 7 to 10 yrs. Experimental hatchery rearing 

 was attempted to examine the feasibility of providing seed artificially. 

 Preliminary studies failed to rear larvae to setting stage. Ions of heavy 

 metals in the water were suspected. Plans were underway to determine why 

 larvae did not survive. The discussion cited several examples of unexplained 

 variations in success in rearing larvae of marine animals which were thought 

 to have been caused by unidentified variations in water quality. - J.L.M. 



389 



Hurst, John W. 1955. 



Oil pollution of shellfish. 5th Ann. Conf. on Clam Research, Boothbay Harbor, 

 Me. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.: 23-24. 



Very small quantities of oil (kerosene) will make quahogs take on oily flavors. 

 Three oil spills in 1953 demonstrated this. - J.L.M. 



590 



Hurst, John W. , Jr. 1974. 



Shellfish standards in growing areas. Proc. Natl. Shellf. Assn. 64, 5 p., 

 4 figs. 



Differences between bivalve species and between growing areas with respect 

 to bacterial water standards are emphasized. Illustrations show relation 

 between average shellfish coliform content and average coliform content of- 

 surrounding water at 8-17°C, 20-23°C, and less than 8°C. Hard clam was 

 lower than oyster or soft clam at 8-17°, intermediate at low MPNs and 

 lowest at higher MPNs (above ca 70MPN) at 20-23°C, and intermediate at 

 less than 8°C. - J.L.M. 



891 



Hurst, J., E. Premuzic, and J. Bairdi (sic). 1972. 



Studies on the physiology of the molluscan "anti-tumor" substance. In 

 Food-Drugs from the Sea, Proceedings 1972. Leonard R. Worthen (edj . Mar. 

 Tech. Soc, Washington, D.C: 231-246. 



Mercenaria meraenaria, Spisula solidissima, and other marine invertebrates 

 were examined. Growth-inhibiting substance in clam liver extracts was 

 effective against normal proliferating system in mouse, and to a lesser 

 extent against neoplastic growth. Growth inhibiting substance was similar, 



248 



