908 



Iversen, E. S. 1968. 



Farming the Edge of the Sea. Fishing News (Books) Ltd. , London, 301 p. 



Distribution, early life history, age and growth of Mercenaria mercenavia 

 are described, and techniques and problems of clam farming are discussed. 

 Information was obtained from personal experience and from published papers 

 abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography. As the author has emphasized, 

 this is not a handbook, but a general account of important principles. 

 Economic aspects are not considered. - J.L.M. 



909 



Jackim, E., G. Morrison, and R. Steele. 1977. 



Effects of environmental factors on radiocadmium uptake by four species of 

 marine bivalves. Mar. Biol. 40(4): 303-308. 



Experimental animals were Mya arenaria, Mytilus edulis, Mulinia lateralis, and 

 Nucula proxima. Mercenaria mercenavia is not mentioned. - M.W.S. and J.L.M. 



910 



Jacobson, Fred L., and John T. Gharrett. 1967. 



Joint statement at Conf. on Pollution of Raritan Bay and adjacent Interstate 

 Waters. 3rd Sess., Vol. 2. Fed. Water Pollution Control Admin., U.S. Dept. 

 Interior. Paul DeFalco (ed.) : 633-698. 



The statement covers fish and wildlife resources of Raritan Bay generally. 

 Commercial shellfish resources included hard and soft clam, and blue crab. 

 About 5 0% of the project area was considered to be commercial hard clam 

 habitat. Hard clams were present in sand bottom, sticky sand and mud, shell 

 or gravel beds, but not in black mud. Sunlight, water temp, evaporation, 

 rainfall, and winds, all were factors in determining distribution of hard 

 clam resources. History of hard clam production in the Raritan Bay area was 

 one of steadily decreasing harvests as spreading pollution forced closure of 

 beds. As recently as 1958 the annual harvest of Mevcenavia mercenaria was 

 worth $500,000. In the mid-1960s only a limited area in Sandy Hook Bay 

 remained open to clamming, and the annual harvest was worth only $40,000. 

 New York had plans to transplant contaminated clams to clean waters, which 

 would make available for harvesting a catch worth $750,000 annually. 

 Standing crops were estimated at 3.444 million bushels in N.Y. waters and 

 1.393 million in N.J. waters of the Bay. At current prices averaging $7/bu 

 the value of this standing crop was estimated to be over $34 million, and 

 under optimum conditions about 550,000 bushels/yr, worth about $3.85 million 

 could be harvested. Current markets could absorb about half of that amount, 

 and proper market development could promote sale of the rest. Similar 

 estimates and figures are given for soft clam, blue crab, and commercial 

 and recreational finfisheries and shellf isheries. - J.L.M. 



911 



Jacobson, Morris K. 1943. 



Marine Mollusca of New York City. Nautilus 56(4): 139-144. 



A new list, compiled more than 20 yrs after Jacot ' s listing, covers much 

 the same geographic area, concentrating on Jacot ' s stations 4 and 5 on the 

 Rockaway peninsula and adding 2 more stations. Station 6 was just east 

 of the Marine Parkway Bridge on the Rockaway shore of Jamaica Bay, and 

 station 7 at 117 St. near the Yacht Club, where Odostomia were found in 

 large numbers. Venus mercenavia was not common at stations 4 and 5. 

 V. mercenavia notata was identified uncertainly because valves were worn. 

 - J.L.M. 



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