950 



Judge, John R. 1966. 



Inhibition of the effects of leukemogenic viruses in mice by extracts of 

 Mercenaria mercenaria. Proc. Soc . Exp. Biol. Med. 123: 299-302. 



Ammonium sulphate extracts of Mercenaria mercenaria were prepared and 

 partially purified by Sephadex G-25 column chromatography. This extract was 

 tested for inhibition of murine leukemias induced by Moloney and Friend 

 viruses. Mean survival time of mice inoculated with Moloney virus trans- 

 plantable leukemia was prolonged. Splenomegalic response in mice infected 

 with Friend virus was inhibited, but longevity was not extended. - J.L.M. 



951 



Jullien, A., and D. Vincent. 1938. 



Sur 1' action de 1 ' acetylcholine sur le coeur des mollusques. L 'antagonisme 

 curare-acetylcholine. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci., Paris 206(3): 209-211. 



Mercenaria (Venus) mercenaria is not mentioned. - J.L.M. 



952 



Jullien, H. , D. Vincent, M. Bouchet, and M. Vuillet. 1938. 



Observations sur 1 ' acetylcholine et la choline-esterase du coeur des 

 Mollusques. Ann. Phys. et Phys. Biol. 14: 567-574. 



According to Welsh and Slocombe (1952) cholinesterase in small amounts was 

 found by these authors in Venus mercenaria heart. Presence of this substance 

 as well as acetylcholine led Welsh and Slocombe to postulate that repetitive 

 stimulation of clam heart released ACh. - J.L.M. 



953 



Kaas, P. 1937. 



Venus mercenaria L., een nieuwe mollusk voor de Nederlandsche Fauna. 

 Basteria 2 (4) : 58-60. 



According to Heppell (1961) a single left valve, fresh enough still to bear 

 remains of the periostracum, was found at Westkapelle-Domburg in Zeeland, 

 Neth. on 14 March 1933. Kaas also mentioned discovery of a living specimen 

 in the sluice basin of Ostend Harbor. This specimen is preserved in the 

 Koninklijk Natuurhistorisch Museum in Brussells. - J.L.M. 



954 



Kahler, George A., Frank M. Fisher, Jr., and Ronald L. Sass . 1976. 



The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the hinge ligament in 

 bivalve molluscs. Biol. Bull. 151(1): 161-181. 



Ligament tissue of Mercenaria mercenaria is 25.2-1.1% protein, 86.2*7.5% 

 CaCC>3,and 0.13% carbohydrate. No lipid was detected. Ratio of CaC03 to 

 protein was 3.42. Major components of ligament and shell protein are 

 glycine 289.7/1,000, methionine 230.2/1,000, aspartic acid 115/1 , 000, and 

 proline 102/1,000. Thirteen other amino acids were detected. Principal 

 feature is the high glycine content in the organic phase. Absence of 

 hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, acid residues diagnostic of collagen, is 

 significant. Alanine, usually an important constituent of structural 

 proteins, is relatively scarce in ligament hydrolyzates. Sulphur- containing 

 amino acids are significant. Elastin and resilin are thought to have rubbery 

 elasticity, but methionine and cystine/2 are characteristically low or absent 

 in these substances, as they are in collagen. Only the aragonite phase of 

 CaC03 was observed. Resilience is inversely correlated with CaC03 and 

 cystine/2 concentration. Glycine is correlated directly with resilience. 

 Strength factor (opening moment/g of shell) of Mercenaria ligament was 

 intermediate (about 1,000 as compared with over 2,500 for Mytilus and about 

 200 for Aequipecten) . Recovery of inner ligament from compression probably 

 is mediated by easing of steric strains induced during compression. - J.L.M. 



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