industry could be firmly established and developed by artificial culture. 

 Clammers received as much as $4/bu for littlenecks. On the half shell in a 

 Boston or New York restaurant, prices were $50/bu. Control of harvest in 

 New England usually was in the hands of town selectmen, and management 

 usually was neglected. Artificial production had not been encouraged. The 

 only efforts at conservation had been to declare an occasional closed season. 

 Improved laws and enforcement were needed. Dense aggregations of hard clam, 

 similar to those often observed with soft clam, were not common. Yet 

 quahaugs are hardy, can withstand large changes in salinity and temp, and can 

 endure long exposure to air, even in hot weather. Territory available for 

 culture is more extensive than that for soft clam. Under suitable conditions 

 a planter could plant at least 120 bu of seed clams 1 3/4 in long in early 

 May and by the first of November harvest 600 bu of 2 1/2 in clams. Cost 

 would be $5/bu or less, return about $3/bu. Yields would be less or more 

 depending on characteristics of bottom and environmental conditions. The 

 author believed that possibilities for development of a quahaug industry in 

 the south were promising. - J.L.M. 



979 



Kelly, C. B. 1956. 



Public Health Service research on shellfish bacteriology. Proc. Natl. 

 Shellf. Assn. 46: 21-26. 



Rate of accumulation of coliform organisms by quahaugs varies markedly with 

 temp. Relative coliform density and its rate of increase with increasing 

 water pollution were considerably greater at temps above 8°C than below. 

 Larger numbers of coliform organisms were present at water temps between 8 

 and 17 °C than at higher or lower temps. The paper contains information on 

 oysters and soft clams also. At low and moderate temps (below 18 °C) density 

 of coliform organisms was greater in soft clam than in quahaug or oyster. 

 Findings are generally applicable to hard clam. - J.L.M. 



980 



Kelly, C. B. 1965. 



Research activities at other Public Health Service shellfish sanitation 

 centers. In Proc. Northwest Shellf. Sanitation Research Planning Conf., 

 U.S. Dept. Health, Educ, Welfare: 54-57. 



The ability to accumulate virus was demonstrated with Meroenaria meraenaria, 

 and viral polluted clams were depurated within 48 to 96 hrs. Most of the 

 virus was confined to digestive diverticula, and there was no penetration of 

 organic cells. The parallel behaviour of bacteria and virus in the depuration 

 process is reassuring for the success of depuration. - J.L.M. 



981 



Kendrick-Jones , John, William Lehman, and Andrew G. Szent-Gyorgyi . 1970. 



Regulation in molluscan muscles. J. Mol. Biol. 54(2): 313-326. 



Factors which regulate contraction of molluscan muscles by interacting with 

 calcium are associated with myosin. Purified myosin preparations from smooth 

 red adductor muscle of Mercenaria mercenaria bind calcium with great affinity. 

 ATPase activity of this myosin combined with purified actin requires Ca. 

 Actin-containing thin filaments of these muscles do not bind Ca, and although 

 they activate the ATPase of rabbit myosin this activity is not Ca-dependent. 

 Thin filaments of mollusks, however, combine readily in vitro with the 

 relaxing proteins of rabbit, and then behave like rabbit preparations. 

 Components responsible for Ca binding and for Ca dependence of ATPase cannot 

 readily be removed from molluscan myosin and are not obtained from molluscan 

 muscles or actomyosins by procedures successfully applied to rabbit 

 preparations. Tropomyosin does not appear to be necessary for regulation of 

 molluscan actomyosin by Ca. It is likely that in mollusks the Ca-binding 

 component interacts directly with myosin to prevent cross-bridge formation. 

 - modified authors' abstract - J.L.M. 



274 



