1004 



Klashman, Lester M. , Kenneth H. Walker, and Richard T. Dewling. 1970 (?) . 



Pollution control in the Raritan Bay area. In Developments in Water 

 Quality Research. Proc . Jerusalem Internatl Conf. on Water Quality and 

 Pollution Research, June 1969: 289-310. 



The paper mentions analyses of shellfish meats and clam meats, but nowhere 

 clearly identifies species. Table 3 contains the only mention of a species, 

 "soft-shell clams" (Mya avenavia) , but Meroenaria may have been included in 

 the category "Others". Salmonellae were isolated from clam meats taken at 

 14 of 50 sampling stations. Of the 14, 9 had geometric mean total coliform 

 densities greater than 2,400/100 g of clam meat. Geometric mean coliform 

 density in shellfish from the other 5 stations ranged from 180 to 1,200 per 

 100 g. Salmonella derby was the predominant serotype of 13 serotypes 

 identified. Clam meats containing Salmonella came from two areas: the 

 northerly sector of the Bay, off Staten Is. to and across the N.Y.-N.J. 

 state line, where coliform counts were highest; and along the state line in 

 an area bounded roughly by Great Kills, Staten Is., and Keyport and 

 Keansburg, N.J. Shellfish samples also contained high phenol and mineral 

 oil concentrations at several stations, and traces of Cu , Cr, Zn, Pb, and 

 pesticides. Recommendations are made for pollution abatement. - J.L.M. 



1005 



Kobayashi, Naomasa. 1971. 



Fertilized sea urchin eggs as an indicatory material for marine pollution 

 bioassay, preliminary experiments. . Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab. 18(6): 

 379-406 (Article 26) . 



Mevaenavia meraenavia is not mentioned. The paper is an interesting example 

 of use of sea urchin developmental stages as indicators of water pollution. 



- J.L.M. 



1006 



Kobayashi, Shinjiro. 1964. 



Studies on shell formation. X. A study of the proteins of the extrapallial 

 fluid in some molluscan species. Biol. Bull. 126(3): 414-422. 



Fourteen species, including Mercenaria meraenavia, were used. Extrapallial 

 fluid of M. mercenaria appeared to have 4 protein fractions, but they could 

 not be clearly resolved. Blood also had 4 protein fractions, but there were 

 differences in migration velocity between blood and extrapallial fluid. The 

 general conclusion was that extrapallial fluid of species with a calcite 

 shell contains a single protein fraction, whereas species with an aragonite 

 shell or calcite and aragonite (Modiolus ) have 3 or more protein fractions. 



- J.L.M. 



1007 



Koff, Raymond S.,and Lorna J. D. Connelly. 1975. 



Failure to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HB s Ag) in certified shellfish 

 in New England. Gastroenterology 68(4), Pt. 2 of 2: A-222/1079 (abstract). 



The major known viral hazard from eating bivalve mollusks is hepatitis A. 

 HB g Ag was detected recently in clams from a polluted bed contaminated with 

 untreated sewage in Maine. Tests were made on clams from the open market 

 in Boston. Samples were taken at 3-4 month intervals from clams harvested 

 on certified beds in Mass. HB s Ag was not detected. It is not likely that 

 mollusks contaminated with hepatitis B would differ as vehicles of infection 

 from hepatitis A contaminated clams, but no epidemiological evidence linked 

 shellfish ingestion with hepatitis B. - J.L.M. 



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