1024 



Krause, A. K. 1902. 



Invest, of habits and life history of Venus mercenaria. Annual Rept. of 

 Comm. of Inland Fisheries of Rhode Island - 1902. 



List only. 



1025 ' 



Krause, A. K. 1903. 



Preliminary report on the habits and life-history of the quahaug- (Venus 

 mercenaria) . R.I. Commrs. Inland Fish., 23rd. Ann. Rept., Providence: 

 50-54, fig. 19. 



Notes conflicts in opinion among fishermen, and absence of satisfactory 

 answers in the literature. Quahaugs were present in all parts of the Bay 

 (presumably Narragansett Bay), from intertidal zone to considerable depths. 

 Small quahaugs were very abundant in Mill Cove, Wickford. They were most 

 numerous in immediate vicinity of stones, clumps of seaweed and eelgrass, 

 large shells, and other objects. In intertidal zone in cold weather many 

 come to the surface. In Mill Cove 425 clams were dug within a 3-ft radius. 

 Six quahaugs dug on 20 Aug 1902 were 15 to 2 3.5 mm from hinge to edge of 

 shell, 16 to 27 mm long, and 8 to 13.5 mm thick. Replanted and dug again 

 on 5 Sept and 20 Sept these clams had increased to 19-24.5 mm and 18.5-26 mm 

 hinge to lip, respectively , 19.5-28 mm and 20-30 mm long, and 9.5-14 mm and 

 12-14.5 mm thick. Average growth was 3.75 mm in length from 20 Aug to 26 

 Sept. Clams notched at edge of shell and planted in a box of sand on 10 

 Sept grew an average of 2 mm hinge to lip by 16 Oct in intertidal zone. 

 Clams planted in natural conditions on 16 Oct and remeasured on 19 January 

 1903 grew only 1 mm on the average, which was interpreted as demonstrating 

 slower growth in winter. It was recognized, however, that depth of water 

 and kind of substrate might also be responsible for differences in growth. 

 - J.L.M. 



1026 



Krause, Sonja, and Donald E. Delaney. 1974. 



Transient electric birefringence of paramyosin in solution. Fed. Proc. 

 33(5), Pt. 2: 1521 (abstract 1683). 



Transient electric birefringence data, using square voltage pulses, were 

 obtained in aqueous solutions of Mercenaria meraenaria paramyosin at 

 concentration near 1 mg/ml, pH 3 to 10, and at very low buffer con- 

 centrations. Deductions are made about physical structure of paramyosin 

 molecule. - J.L.M. 



1027 



Kraybill, Herman F. 1964. 



Use of chemicals on or near shellfish growing areas - - The Public Health 

 Service viewpoint. Proc. 5th. Natl. Shellf. Sanitation Workshop, U.S. Dept. 

 Health, Educ, Welfare: 226-230. 



A one-year sampling analysis study was made in Rhode Island to determine 

 movement, uptake, and retention of DDT in shellfish during a community 

 spraying operation for mosquito control . Thirty-seven samples of Mercenaria 

 mercenaria were examined. DDT levels were below the FDA residue tolerance 

 of 7 ppm on fresh fruits and vegetables. However, one needs to assess 

 pesticide levels in terms of the additive level of total intake of other 

 foods containing insecticides. - J.L.M. 



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