1052 



Laverack, M. S. 1968. 



On the receptors of marine invertebrates. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 

 6: 249-324. 



The only reference to Venus is to visual receptors in siphonal nerves, as 

 reported by Kennedy (1960), abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography. - J.L.M. 



1053 



Lavoie, Marcel E. 1956. 



How seastars open bivalves. Biol. Bull. 111(1): 114-122. 



Venus is mentioned, but no original data are presented. The thrust of this 

 paper is to demonstrate that sea star does not need to produce a toxin to aid 

 it in opening a bivalve. - J.L.M. 



1054 



Lear, Donald W. 1962. 



Reproducibility of the most probable numbers technique for determining the 

 sanitary quality of clams. Appl. Microbiol. 10(1): 60-64. 



Experiments were done with Mya arenaria, but the conclusions probably apply 

 also to Mercenaria mercenaria. Reproducibility of results from clam meats 

 was less than that from water analysis. Entrapped air bubbles in ground 

 clam meats lower the density of the sample material, producing inaccurate 

 aliquots for inocula, and interfere with attainment of homogeneity in brei. 

 The results do not invalidate the technique for examination of molluscan 

 shellfishes, but special preparation techniques probably are necessary. - J.L.M. 



1055 



Leathern, Wayne, and Don Maurer. 1976. 



Phylum Mollusca: A guide to the Mollusca of the Delaware Bay region. Marine 

 Studies Complex, Univ. Del., Lewes, Del. DEL-SG-18-76, 43 p. 



Meraenaria mercenaria is identified as a member of the Class Bivalvia, 

 Subclass Heterodonta, Order Veneroida, Family Veneridae. Class, Subclass, 

 and Order are described briefly. An illustrated glossary of bivalve terms 

 and a key are included. - J.L.M. 



1056 



Leatherland, T. M., and J. D. Burton. 1974. 



The occurrence of some trace metals in coastal organisms with particular 

 reference to the Solent region. J. Mar. Biol. Assn. UK 54(2): 457-468. 



Mercenaria mercenaria from the Solent, an open embayment off the mouth of 

 Southampton Water, which is the estuary of the River Test and other streams, 

 contained rather uniform concentrations of Hg except in gills, which contained 

 concentrations higher by a factor of about 2.5 as compared to that in whole 

 organism. Concentrations of Hg ranged from 0.16 to. 0.83 ppm dry Weight in 

 various tissues, 1.46 ppm in gills. Residues decreased seaward. As ranged 

 from 1.8 ppm to 12.2 ppm, and also was distinctly higher in gills (highest 

 value in other tissues or whole samples was 9.3 ppm). Cd in whole tissues 

 was 0.30 to 0.60 ppm, and Sb 0.006 to 0.015. Relatively high concentrations 

 of Zn tended to occur in organisms with elevated levels of Cd. Zn was not 

 reported for quahog, but in other animals it was much higher in ppm dry 

 weight than any other metal measured. - J.L.M. 



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