the cell. All granule types were in constant motion, and granules were always 

 confined to a small area around the nucleus. Large granulocytes moved very 

 slowly by a sliding motion. When yeast cells were added, small granulocytes 

 rapidly flowed into a cluster of yeast cells, ectoplasmic extensions flowing 

 between and around until all yeast cells were incorporated as phagosomes. 

 Each phagosome consisted of a membrane wall surrounding a clear area con- 

 taining the yeast cell. Large granulocytes phagocytosed yeast cells by 

 enveloping them with wave-like extensions of the outer ectoplasm. - J.L.M. 



1170 



Loy, Gmae, and A. E. Eble. 1976. 



Locomotion and phagocytic behavior of amebocytes of the hard clam, 

 Mercenaria mercenaria, as revealed by time-lapse cinemicrography . Proc. 

 Natl. Shellf. Assn. 65: 4 (abstract). 



Large and small granulocytes from blood sinuses of the posterior adductor 

 muscle were studied. Small granulocytes were relatively active and flow 

 usually was unidirectional. Cells moved by rapid extensions of ectoplasm, 

 followed by rapid flow of advancing endoplasm. Even when cell motion 

 ceased temporarily endoplasmic granules showed much movement. The highly 

 plastic mitochondria usually took the form of large blunt granules, which 

 would stretch into long sausage-shaped structures briefly. Cells adhered 

 firmly to cover slips. Large granulocytes adhered to cover slips as large 

 flat cells. Viewed with Nomarski interference phase optics, granules 

 appeared as distinct mounds and ridges. Time-lapse studies at 30 frames/min 

 showed extremely active waving motion of the ectoplasmic border. All granule 

 types were in constant motion in the endoplasm, and were always confined to 

 a small area around the nucleus. This large cell moves very slowly by a 

 sliding motion. Boiled, washed yeast cells were engulfed by phagocytosis. 

 At 4 frames/min small granulocytes flowed into a cluster of yeast cells. 

 Ectoplasmic extensions of granulocytes flowed rapidly in and around until 

 all yeasts were incorporated as phagosomes. A membrane wall surrounded a 

 clear area containing the yeast cell. As many as 8-10 yeast cells were 

 engulfed in a few minutes. Large granulocytes phagocytized yeast cells by 

 enveloping them with wave-like extensions of the outer ectoplasm. - J.L.M. 



1171 



Lucas, Albert. 1969. 



Remarques sur 1 'hermaphrodisme juvenile de quelques Veneridae (Bivalvia) . 

 Malacologia 9(1): 275-276 (Proc. 3rd. Europ. Malacol . Congr.). 



Juvenile hermaphrodism in Veneridae is of 3 types: 1) previtellogenic 

 ovocytes and spermatocytes; 2) previtellogenic ovocytes and presence of 

 spermatozoa; and .3) ovocytes with vitellus and presence of spermatozoa. 

 Venus verrucosa belongs in the first type, V. striatula in the second, 

 and Venus striatula and Mercenaria mercenaria in the third. - J.L.M. 



1172 



Lucas, A. 1975. 



Sex differentiation and juvenile sexuality in .bivalves (sic) Molluscs. 

 Pub. Staz. Zool. Napoli 39 (suppl.) : 532-541. 



Juvenile stage follows postlarval stage. Primary germinal cells are 

 localized in ventral region of pericardium. In adult stage gonad is 

 localized in or near the foot. In juveniles, tubules lie between 

 pericardic and pedal regions. Besides undifferentiated gonia, these 

 tubules contain sexual cells differentiated as male, as female, or as 

 ambisexual. Juvenile hermaphroditism occurs in Mercenaria mercenaria 

 and some other species, which are gonochoric as adults. Juvenile 

 sexuality, gonochoric or hermaphroditic, seems to be a general phenomenon 

 in bivalves. It has been found in 21 species belonging to 12 families. 

 Juvenile sexuality is not functional, but it shows that protogonia are 

 ambisexual, even in gonochoric species. Data on Venus striatula are 

 included. - J.L.M. 



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