biological rhythms in relative harmony with the tidal cycle. When valves 

 are open and clam is pumping a shell layer rich in CaC03 is deposited. 

 When valves are closed clams deposit an organic-rich layer or line, 

 concentrate conchiolin at the growing edge, or undergo a period of shell 

 erosion. This is hypothesis, based on morphology and correlation of 

 deposition with environmental and biological rhythms. Microstructural 

 growth increments within the shell are interpreted as reflections of 

 alternating periods of shell deposition and dissolution occurring during 

 aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Acidic end products of anaerobic 

 metabolism, succinic acid and alanine, are neutralized by CaC03 from the 

 shell, leaving a relatively insoluble organic residue at the mantle-shell 

 interface. With resumption of aerobic respiration this organic material 

 is reincorporated within the shell. Mercenaria mercenaria, the one species 

 in which shell deposition and decalcification cycles have been demonstrated 

 conclusively, has a particularly well-preserved record of growth within the 

 shell. The conclusion is almost paradoxical that shell destructive 

 processes provide a relatively complete and detailed record of short- 

 and long-term growth. Analyses of relationships between ambient oxygen 

 concentrations and shell structural types may eventually prove useful for 

 determining dissolved O2 gradients in Phanerozoic marine environments. 

 - J.L.M. 



1177 



Lynch, Gerald Lawrence. 1976. 



Fishery cooperatives in theory and in practice. Thesis presented in partial 

 fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science, State 

 Univ. of N.Y., xi + 122 p. 



Organization of the Great South Bay Farmer's Cooperative was stimulated in 

 the 19 6 0s by a water pollution situation which threatened but never 

 occurred. The cooperative was formed in 1968. The principal objectives 

 were: stabilization of income, improved quality control. One way in which 

 the Great South Bay organization gained was by using 7 grades of clam: four 

 grades of littleneck, two of cherrystone, and one of chowder. - J.L.M. 



1178 



Lynch, John, and Candace Corson. 1972. 



A guide to the Long Island Sound ecosystem. Compiled by authors, directed 

 and assisted by Robert B. Gordon and Donald C. Rhoads . Dept. Geology Geo- 

 phys . , Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn., 235 p. + 17 p. insert (unpub. summary 

 of a summer study by 2 students) . 



Contains information, including bibliographies, on many aspects of ecology 

 of the Sound, including a section on the shellfish industry. Several papers 

 cited appear to be unpublished reports, probably available in files of the 

 respective agencies. - J.L.M. 



1179 



Lynch, Maurice P. 1977. 



Fisheries and wildlife. In Proc. Bi-State Conf. on Chesapeake Bay. 

 L. Eugene Cronin (Chm. Ed. & Planning Coram. ) . Chesapeake Research 

 Consortium Inc., CRC Pub. 61: 189-219. 



The most valuable fishery data base is commercial fishery statistics 

 compiled by National Marine Fisheries Service, despite certain inherent 

 deficiencies. Largest biases in stock assessment based on these data 

 are probably for long-lived species like oysters, hard clams, and 

 finfishes. Relative sizes of soft clam and blue crab stocks probably 

 are estimated fairly closely by commercial harvests. Mercenaria mercenaria 

 is distributed widely in lower Chesapeake Bay, on the east side up to 

 Pocomoke Sound, on the west side to the mouth of the Rappahannock River. 

 Commercial quantities available to patent tongs exist only in 6 small 

 areas totalling about 19,000 acres in the lower James and lower York 

 Rivers and along shore between these rivers. In Virginia, landings have 



330 



