1261 



Medcof, J. C.,and J. S. MacPhail. 1952. 



The winter flounder - a clam enemy. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, Prog. Rept. Atl. 

 Coast Stas. 52(118): 3-8. 



Winter flounder is frequently gorged with small soft clams, which they swallow 

 whole. The flounder also feeds on siphons of Mya, and may destroy living 

 clams by so doing or interfere with their ability to feed. No mention is made 

 of predation on young hard clams, but the possibility should be recognized. 

 - J.L.M. 



1262 



Medcof, J. C, Arthur H. Clarke, Jr., and John S. Erskine. 1965. 



Ancient Canadian east-coast oyster and quahaug shells. J. Fish. Res. Bd. 

 Canada 22(2) : 631-634. 



In a pond near St. Andrews, N.B. a native population of quahaugs was 

 discovered in 1951. A barrier beach prevents flooding by cold waters of 

 Passamaquoddy Bay except at high spring tides. A break in the barrier 

 beach could destroy these clams and leave the shells to puzzle future 

 geologists. At times and places along the coasts of Quebec and Nova 

 Scotia conditions have favored quahaugs for at least short periods, 

 although the species does not live in the vicinity today. This explains 

 the large quantities of shells in Indian middens in such areas. Quahaugs 

 taken in an Indian midden at St. Margaret's Bay, N.S. at about 44° 39' N. 

 Lat. were aged by radiocarbon dating as 500*60 yrs. - J.L.M. 



1263 



Medcof, J. C, A. H. Leim, Alfreda B. Needier, A. 

 and J. Naubert. 1947. 



W. H. Needier, J. Gibbard, 



Paralytic shellfish poisoning on the Canadian Atlantic coast. 

 Bd. Canada, Bull. 75, 32 p. 



Fish. Res. 



Although the authors found that the problem of shellfish poisoning was 

 broader than had been supposed, and that many species were involved, they 

 did not examine Mercenaria (Venus) mercenaria. Six species were examined 

 for toxicity according to geographic and local variations, distribution of 

 toxin in the body, seasonal and annual differences, source of poison, 

 effects of processing, and epidemiology. - J.L.M. 



1264 



Meers, Karren F. 



1972, 



A survey and investigation of the shallow water invertebrates of South 

 Oyster Bay. A thesis presented to the faculty of Hofstra University in 

 partial fulfillment of the Master of Arts degree in biology (sic) . June 

 1972, iii+99 p. 



Mercenaria mercenaria was found at 2 of 4 stations. Station 2, a salt 

 marsh on the eastern side of Wantagh Parkway, Long Island, N.Y., with a 

 soft and mucky bottom, "was littered with clams, both mercenaria and 

 ensis" (sic). No Zostera was present. All organisms collected were 

 figured and described very briefly. The drawing of hard clam is very 

 inaccurate, and the common name is given incorrectly as cherry stone 

 clam. The paper contains a summary of disappearance and reappearance of 

 Zostera, but does not mention possible relationships with hard clam. - J.L.M. 



353 



