was directly related to mollusk activity, which in turn is a function of temp. 

 Elimination was most rapid in summer. Enteric viruses survived in estuarine 

 water for 56 days in winter, 32 days in summer. Coxsackievirus B3 was most 

 persistent, echovirus 6 intermediate, poliovirus 1 shortest-lived. Conditions 

 for virus transmission would be optimal when high pollution levels coincide 

 with maximum survival times. Viruses tend to be greatest in estuarine waters 

 from July through October. Increased probability of virus transmission from 

 consumption of raw shellfish thus would begin in midsummer, peak in fall, and 

 possibly continue through winter. The seasonal pattern of infectious hepatitis 

 in man, attributable to shellfish consumption, is similar. - J.L.M. 



1306 



Metcalf, T. G., Vaughn, J. M., and W. C. Stiles. 1972. 



Occurrence of human viruses and coliphage in marine waters and shellfish. 

 In M. Ruivo (ed.) Marine Pollution and Sea Life, Fishing News (Books) 

 Ltd., London: 570-574. 



No study was made of coliphage in hard clams, although hard clams may be 

 found with oysters in such estuaries. Study of oysters led to the conclusion 

 that a coliphage indicator system for enteric viruses has inherent short- 

 comings. Its capacity to satisfactorily resolve the virus detection problem 

 in marine waters is subject to question. - J.L.M. 



1307 



Meyers, T. R. 1979. 



Preliminary studies on a chlamydial agent in the digestive diverticular 

 epithelium of hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria (L.) from Great South Bay, 

 New York. J. Fish Diseases 2: 179-189. 



Prevalence of a chlamydial infection in hatchery-reared adult hard clams 

 Mercenaria mercenaria from Great South Bay was relatively high and seasonally 

 stable. Infection occurred early in life while juvenile clams were in the 

 hatchery. Fluorescent antibody tests suggested that the clam agent shares 

 the group antigen specific for chlamydia, but to a lesser degree than a 

 known chlamydial strain used as a positive control. The method of Gimenez 

 failed to stain elementary bodies in clam cell inclusion bodies. The 

 inclusion body agent in hard clam differs from known strains of chlamydia. 

 Characterization of the chlamydia must await successful propagation of the 

 agent. - from abstract in Sea Grant notice of new publication. - J.L.M. 



1308 



Mihursky, J. A., V. S. Kennedy, A. J. McErlean, W. H. Roosenburg, A. J. Gatz, 

 M. Castagna, S. G. O'Connor, J. M. O'Connor, C. I. Gibson, H. H. Zion,and 

 L. Amende. 1974. 



The thermal requirements and tolerances of key estuarine organisms. Univ. 

 Maryland, Center for Environmental and Estuarine Research, Hallowing Point 

 Field Station, Prince Frederick, Md. Completion Rept. A-011-Md, 14-31-0001- 

 3020, July 1969 - June 1972. N.R.I. Ref. No. 74-132: vi+146. (U.S. Dept. 

 Commerce, Natl. Tech. Inf. Serv. PB-239 073). 



This report contains 9 sections, each separately authored. All have been 

 released as journal publications or were in press at the time the report was 

 released. Some are included in this report as manuscript copies or as re- 

 prints. Papers dealing with Mercenaria mercenaria are abstracted separately 

 under authors' names. - J.L.M. 



367 



