1330 



Moore, Carol A. 1972. 



The cytology and cytochemistry of the amebocytes of the hard clam Meraenaria 

 meraenaria. M. A. Thesis, Montclair State College, v + 57 p. 



Amoebocytes of Meraenaria meraenaria were of 3 types, a small granulocyte, 

 a large granulocyte and a lymphocyte-like cell. Similarity of the nucleus 

 in all 3 cell types suggests that these cells represent different stages of 

 maturity. This was also suggested by the gradation of cytochemical reactions. 

 Blunt granules were identified as mitochondria. They also exhibited uniden- 

 tified material which was PAS-positive, diastase resistant, and metachro- 

 matic. Dot-like granules were identified as iysosome . These granules 

 probably serve as centers of digestion for phagocytized materials. Refractile 

 granules were demonstrated to be membrane bound, lipid-filled structures that 

 reacted positively with Sudan Black B and Oil Red respectively. These 

 granules may act as storage centers. - J.L.M. 



1331 



Moore, Carol A. 1980. 



Phagocytosis and degradation of a unicellular algae (sic) by hemocytes of 

 the hard clam Meraenaria meraenaria. Natl. Shellf. Assn., Abstracts, 

 Technical Sessions: 7 (abstract). 



Hemocytes of the hard clam were observed to phagocytize Isoahrysis galbana 

 and several other species of unicellular algae, as well as congo red 

 stained yeast. "Blunt" cytoplasmic granules received degraded materials 

 from the phagosomes containing algae but not those enclosing a yeast cell. 

 Blunt granules also participated in the hemocyte ' s intracellular processing 

 of vital dyes and endotoxin. It is suggested that the blunt granules 

 represent a mechanism whereby hemocytes can contain or further degrade 

 foreign material. - J.L.M. 



1332 



Moore, Carol, and Albert F. Eble. 1973. 



Cytology and cytochemistry of amebocytes of Meraenaria meraenaria. Proc. 

 Natl. Shellf. Assn. 63: 4 (abstract). 



Three different amebocyte types of the hard clam were identified. A small 

 (28 micron) motile granulocyte comprised 61% of total cell population, it 

 had 4 distinct types of granules in the cytoplasm. A large (45 micron) 

 non-motile granulocyte made up 37% of cell population, and had same 4 types 

 of granules but only 1/3 as many as the granulocyte. The four types of 

 granules were: 1.5 y blunt type; 0.7 y dot-like type; a 1 y spherical re- 

 fractile type; and a 2 micron rod-shaped granule. The agranulocyte (5 \s) 

 contained no visible granules and had only a thin peripheral rim of cytoplasm 

 surrounding the nucleus. Nuclei of all amebocytes appeared morphologically 

 similar having uniformly dispersed chromatin and a rim of chromatin lining 

 the nuclear membrane. Supravital studies with Janus Green B showed pre- 

 ferential uptake by blunt granules which within 10 minutes converted the dye 

 to the red-reduction product diethyl safranin. Blunt and dot-like granules 

 took up neutral red applied supravitally, which turned yellow in about 1/2- 

 hour. Esterase studies indicated a strong nonspecific esterase in the small 

 granulocyte. Acid phosphatase and NADH hydrogenase cytochemical studies are 

 under investigation. - D.L. 



1333 



Moore, Carol A., and Albert F. Eble. 1977. 



Cytochemical aspects of Meraenaria meraenaria hemocytes. Biol. Bull. 152(1): 

 105-119. 



Hemocytes of Meraenaria meraenaria were of 3 types: an agranulocyte, and a 

 small and a large granulocyte. The agranulocyte had only a thin" periphery of 

 cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus, and had no visible cytoplasmic granules in 

 living preparations, but did show a few centers of nonspecific esterase 

 activity. This cell type was 2% of the hemocyte population. Small 



374 



