1362 



Murchelano, Robert A., and Carolyn Brown. 1969. 



Bacterial flora of some algal foods used for rearing bivalve larvae. J. Fish. 

 Res. Bd. Canada 26: 2760-2764. 



Heterotrophic bacteria in 15 mass cultures of 6 genera of algae used for 

 feeding larvae of Crassostrea virginica and Mercenaria mercenaria were 

 isolated, identified, and their physiology studied. Of 120 isolates, 118 

 were asporogenous gram-negative rods, types commonly found in the sea. Most 

 isolates, 98 or 81.6%, belonged to the genus Pseudomonas . A nutritionally 

 acceptable algal food for bivalve larvae can become unacceptable because 

 certain bacterial flora develop. Some bacteria produce soluble toxins or 

 invade cells, which lead to significant or total larval mortality. 

 Physiologically, isolates were more lipolytic than proteolytic or amylolytic. 

 Those that reduced nitrate to nitrite and produced ammonia from peptone 

 broth were more numerous than those that produced H2S from sodium thiosulphate 

 and indole from tryptophan. About 92% of isolates were sensitive to 

 chloramphenicol, 37% to penicillin, 65% to streptomycin, and 75% to 

 tetracycline. Most effective use of antibacterials can be made only after 

 composition of bacterial flora is determined , but many initially unacceptable 

 algal foods can be made acceptable by supplementing them with appropriate 

 antibacterials. - J.L.M. 



1363 



Nagabhushanam, R. 1968. 



Studies on neurosecretion in mollusca. In Proc . Symp. Mollusca, Pt. II. 

 Mar. Biol. Assn. India, Mandapam Camp: 572-579. 



This review paper does not mention Mercenaria meraenaria. - J.L.M. 



1364 



Nagai, T., R. A. Nystrom,and C. L. Prosser. 1961. 



Mechanical and electrical properties of some invertebrate visceral muscles. 

 Biol. Bull. 121(2): 401-402. 



Non-striated muscles of invertebrates in which conduction has been examined 

 conduct mainly by intrinsic nerves, rarely by stretch. Average velocity of 

 conduction in Venus intestine in moist air was 1.1 cm/sec. Intestinal 

 conduction was not blocked by procaine or tetracaine. To some degree 

 intestines showed phasic and tonic contractions, spontaneously and in 

 response to shocks. Phasic contraction time was 2 to 3 sec, time _ for half- 

 relaxation 15 to 40 sec. Tonic contractions persisted for many minutes. 

 Conduction appeared to be from muscle fiber to fiber, much as in vertebrate 

 smooth muscle. - J.L.M. 



1365 



Nash, Darrel A. 1970. 



Preliminary analyses of a survey of buying patterns for fresh and frozen fish 

 and shellfish by household characteristics. U.S.A. Working Paper 46, Bu. Comm. 

 Fish., U.S. Dept. Interior, Washington, D.C.,43 p. (marked draft manuscript - 

 for review only). 



A complete record was obtained for a full year of fish purchases of a 

 representative panel of 1,500 participants. Per capita, negro households 

 purchased more than twice the amount of fresh and frozen seafoods as white 

 households. Jewish households used about twice the amounts used by Catholic 

 and Protestant households. Usage of most products, except shrimp was localized. 

 When head of household was over 45 yrs old, purchases of fish and shellfish 

 were distinctly greater than for younger households. Purchases of fish meals 

 in restaurants were related to income level. Clams were consumed in much 

 greater quantities per capita in New England than in any other part of the 

 country. Clams, like lobsters, were purchased more frequently away from home 

 (e.g., in restaurants), and were more frequently purchased by persons with 

 higher incomes. Clams are not identified by species. - J.L.M. 



383 



