1386 



Nelson, Thurlow C. 1960. 



Some aspects of pollution, parasitism and inlet restriction in three New 

 Jersey Estuaries. In Trans. 2nd Seminar on Biological Problems in Water 

 Pollution, 20-24 Apr 1959. C. M. Tarzwell (edj U.S. Dept. HEW, Pub. 

 Health Serv. , Robt. A. Taft Sanitary Eng. Center, Cincinnati: 203-211. 



In 1919 a heavy storm cut through a second inlet into Little Egg Harbor, N.J. 

 Salinities rose, and oysters were eliminated rapidly except for scattered 

 groups in tidal creeks entering the Bay. Production of Mercenaria mercenaria 

 rose correspondingly, and Little Egg Harbor at the time of writing supported 

 one of the most productive clamming areas on the N.J. coast. The oyster 

 industry of Raritan Bay was driven to extinction by about 1917 by the effects 

 of water pollution, but at the time of writing a substantial quahog fishery 

 persisted. Extinction of oyster stocks was attributed to industrial 

 pollution by copper. Persistence of hard clam resources was believed to be 

 related to their preference to higher salinities. Recently, increase in 

 petroleum pollution of bottom deposits had interfered with sale of clams. 

 Most of the report traces the history of the bays of the N.J. coast and the 

 effects of natural and man-made variables on the environment and upon the 

 shellfish industry, especially oysters. - M.W.S. and J.L.M. 



1387 



Nelson, T. C, and J. B. Allison. 1937. 



On the nature and effects of stimulation of the sperm on the oyster. Anat. 

 Rec. 70, suppl. 124: (Paper not seen). 



No effect by sperm of Venus mercenaria on pumping of oyster. - J.L.M. 



1388 



Nelson, Thurlow C, and H. H. Haskin. 1949. 



On the spawning behaviour of oysters and of Venus mercenaria with especial 

 reference to the effects of spermatic hormones. Anat. Rec. 105(3): 484-485. 



Spawning of Venus mercenaria and some oyster species is a group reaction 

 stimulated by a hormone carried on the sperm. This hormone is soluble in 

 alcohol and benzene. Oyster sperm carry a second hormone, named diantlin, 

 a conjugated protein which relaxes the ostia of the gills. Venus sperm do 

 not carry diantlin. Eggs of Venus pass out through the excurrent siphon, 

 not through ostia. So far the authors had been unable to induce spawning in 

 Venus in absence of sperm. Spawning had occurred in the laboratory at temps 

 from 22.4 to 30°C. The observations of Loosanoff and Davis that quahaugs can 

 be induced to spawn and produce viable larvae in midwinter if warmed gradually 

 over several weeks were confirmed. - J.L.M. 



1389 



Neuman, L. D. (edj . 1976. 



Review of harmful substances. United Nations. IMCO/FAO/UNESCO/WMO/WHO/IAEA/ 

 UN Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution 

 (GESAMP) . Reports and Studies 2, iv+80 p. 



The report contains notes on major categories of marine pollution, inorganic 

 wastes, radioactive materials, oil and oil dispersants, organic chemicals, 

 organic industrial wastes, military wastes, heat, detergents, solid objects, 

 dredge spoil, and inert wastes. Reference to species is sparse. Mercenaria 

 (Venus) is mentioned only twice: average values for Mn in M. mercenaria are 

 reported as 3 to 7 mg/kg dry weight; Venus (species not given) rapidly 

 accumulated 30 to 40 mg/kg Hg from 0.3 mg/kg mercuric chloride but 70 mg/kg 

 from methyl mercury. The bibliography contains references only to major 

 source materials. - J.L.M. 



390 



