1401 



Newell, G. E. 1964. 



Physiological aspects of the ecology of intertidal molluscs. Chapter 2 in 

 Physiology of Mollusca. Vol. 1. K. M. Wilbur and C. M. Yonge (eds.) 

 Academic Press, New York: 59-81. 



V. meveenavia can respire anaerobically . Oxygen consumption of tissues of 

 populations of V. meveenavia acclimated to cold water is higher at any given 

 temperature than that of those from warm- acclimated temps. - J.L.M. 



1402 



Newell, Norman D. 19 65. 



Classification of the Bivalvia. Am. Mus. Nov. 2206: 1-25. 



The name to be applied to bivalve mollusks has been a source of widespread 

 disagreement. World malacologists have been about equallv divided between 

 Pelecypoda and Lamellibranchiata, and there seems to be no possibility of 

 winning universal adoption of either. There is now a strong swing toward 

 compromise on Bivalvia Linnaeus 1758, which is not only the oldest name 

 applied to the Class, but has the merit of possessing a familiar English 

 cognate, "bivalve", which is meaningful to a layman. Meveenavia (Venus) 

 meveenavia belongs to the Subclass Heterodonta Neumayr 1884, Order Veneroida 

 Adams and Adams 1858 (as Veneracea) Suborder Arcticina Newell (new suborder) , 

 Superfamily Veneracea Rafinesque 1815, Family Veneridae Rafinesque 1815. 

 History of bivalve classification is covered in detail. - J.L.M. 



1403 



Newell, R. C. 1970. 



Biology of Intertidal Animals. Am. Elsevier Pub. Co., Inc., New York, 

 viii + 555 p. 



This is primarily an account of British forms, but Venus (Meveenavia) 

 meveenavia is mentioned in several places. High level animals continue to 

 respire even when the tide is low, using anaerobic respiration as in Venus 

 meveenavia (Dugal, 1939). The differing experimental methods used by various 

 investigators makes strict comparisons between pumping rates difficult. 

 Thus the great difference in level between the values of weight-specific 

 pumping rates in Venus meveenavia (Rice and Smith, 1958) compared with other 

 bivalves may be partly attributable to the experimental conditions under 

 which feeding was measured. The temperature conditions under which feeding 

 was measured would also adequately account for such differences. Animals 

 living high on the shore might reduce water loss by closure of the shell 

 valves, as in Venus meveenavia (Dugal, 1939). Elsewhere, haemoglobin is 

 confined mainly to muscles and. nervous system, for example, in heart and 

 adductor muscles of the bivalve Meveenavia sp. Anaerobiosis occurs in 

 Venus meveenavia (Dugal, 1939). - J.L.M. 



1404 



Newell, R. C.,and H. R. Northcroft. 1967. 



A re-interpretation of the effect of temperature on the metabolism of 

 certain marine invertebrates. J. Zool., London 151(3): 277-298. 



At least 2 rates of oxygen consumption can be distinguished in intact 

 animals of a wide variety of common intertidal invertebrates. When the 

 animal is active, oxygen is taken up rapidly at a rate that increases 

 with temp in approximate agreement with the Arrhenius law. A slower rate, 

 corresponding with quiescence, alternates with the rapid rate and does not 

 vary with temp over much of the range 7° to 22.5°C. It is concluded that, 

 contrary to common belief, the intertidal invertebrates studied (which did 

 not include Meveenavia meveenavia) had a "basal metabolic rate" with a Qio 

 of approximately 1 over much of the normal environmental temp range and in 

 this respect are well suited to life in a habitat in which temp fluctuates 

 rapidly. - modified authors' abstract - J.L.M. 



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