heart, gills, kidney, mantle, foot, siphon, adductor muscles, and visceral 

 mass) did not accumulate the substance above extracellular concentrations. 

 Thus, ganglia are the only significant sites of dopamine accumulation in 

 M. mercenavia, and a blood-brain barrier to dopamine is lacking in this 

 animal. - J.L.M. 



1414 



Opsata, Margaret. 1977. 



Delaware experiments offer exciting mariculture prospects. Natl. Fisherman 

 58(8) , Dec. 1977: 6B-7B. 



Oysters, clams, and other bivalves were grown in a closed, recirculating 

 system. Costs in a laboratory system were about 9* each, or $20 to $22/bu 

 to produce a crop. It was believed that mass production techniques should 

 reduce costs significantly. - J.L.M. 



1415 



Orton, J. H. 1937. 



Oyster breeding and oyster culture. Edward Arnold Co., London. 



Listed in Brown (1950) in bibliography for Venus mercenavia with reference 

 to chapter by Pierce, abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography. - J.L.M. 



1416 



Osburn, H. L. 1887. 



Notes on Mollusca observed at Beaufort, N.C. Stud. Biol. Lab. Johns Hopkins 

 Univ. 4: 64-81. 



According to Jacot (1921) , abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography, Osburn 

 recorded Venus mevaenavia from this area. - J.L.M. 



1417 



Osterhaug, Kathryn L., and Rose G. Kerr. 1953. 



How to cook clams. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. , Test Kitchen Ser. 8, 13 p. 



Contains information on buying and shucking clams of various species, 

 including Mercenavia mercenavia. Twenty-eight recipes are included. - J.L.M. 



1418 



Othmer, Donald F., and Oswald A. Roels. 19 74. 



Power, fresh water, and food from cold, deep seawater. J. Mar. Tech. Soc. 

 8: 39-43. 



Reprinted by permission from Science 182(4108): 121-125 (1973). Principles 

 underlying use of cold nutrient-rich water from below the thermocline in the 

 tropics are discussed and their applications to mariculture described. Hard 

 clams from Long Island, N.Y. grew very rapidly in this artificial "upwelling" 

 system, reaching market size more rapidly than in the natural environment. 

 Hybrid clams weighing 8 g on introduction reached 38.5 g in 6 months, which 

 was commercial littleneck size. - J.L.M. 



1419 



Otto, Sara V. 



1971. 



Manokin River project: An ending and a beginning. 

 Wildl. Admin. 4(3): 2, 4. 



Comm. Fish. News, Md. Fish 



A new project, Molluscan Mortality Studies, has as its major objective a 

 study of parasite distribution in several species, including Mercenavia 

 meraenavia. - J.L.M. 



397 



