1447 



Pearce, John B. 1972. 



Invertebrate resources: Available forms and potentials. In Resources of 

 the World's Oceans. Henry R. Frey (edj . N.Y. Institute of Ocean Resources 

 Inc.: 75-90. 



Beds of hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) presently exist in parts of Raritan 

 Bay, but there is indication that they are not reproducing. The standing 

 crop is almost solely large clams. Apparently no recruitment is occurring 

 off" Staten Island and in the western part of Raritan Bay. Harvesting has 

 been prohibited for the last decade because clams are grossly contaminated. 

 Many parts of Great South Bay, L.I. are open to clamming but new areas are 

 closed each year. Navesink and Shrewsbury Rivers, connected to Sandy Hook 

 Bay, N.J., are essentially closed to clamming, as is Sandy Hook Bay, for 

 public health reasons. (Abstracter's note: the author's conclusion, that 

 hard clams were not' reproducing, is unlikely. Recruitment is not obvious 

 in a mature stock. This chapter discusses many species, but only references 

 to hard clam are cited here.) - J.L.M. 



1448 



Pearce, John B. 1974. 



Invertebrates of the Hudson River estuary. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 250: 137-143. 



Shellfish that remain, largely beds of hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, are 

 unsuitable for human consumption because they are contaminated by human 

 wastes. Similar conditions prevail" in Jamaica Bay, New York, the Navesink 

 and Shrewsbury Rivers of New Jersey. Hard clams are still found in certain 

 parts of Raritan Bay, but the Bay is closed to harvesting shellfish. - J.L.M. 



1449 



Pearse, A. S. 1928. 



On the ability of certain marine invertebrates to live in diluted sea water. 

 Biol. Bull. 54: 405-409. 



Mercenaria (Venus) mercenaria is not mentioned. - M.W.S. 



1450 



Pearse, A. S. 1936. 



Estuarine animals at Beaufort, North Carolina. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 

 52(2): 174-222. 



Venus m. mercenaria and V. c. campechiensis were found at Piver's Island, 

 Beaufort, N.C. Venus ziczac also was taken. V. mercenaria (20 clams used, in 

 experiment) was alive and in good condition after '114 hrs in fresh water, 102 

 to 120 hrs in mixtures of fresh and seawater, and 120 hrs in seawater. 

 Exposed to desiccation in air in summer V. mercenaria lived an average of 

 255.8 hrs and a max of 310.1 hrs. The most resistant animals of a number of 

 invertebrate species to these treatments were those, like Littorina, accustomed 

 to spend much time out of water, and those, like Venus, with heavy protective 

 shells. (Abstracter's note: V. campechiensis was not included in' these 

 experiments. According to the literature the southern quahog does not survive 

 well exposed to air. Thus, the generalization about heavy shells does not 

 always apply.) - J.L.M. and M.W.S. 



1451 



Pearse, A. S. 1947. 



Parasitic copepods from Beaufort, North Carolina. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 

 63(1) : 1-16. 



In 1946, 2,350 animals, including 445 mollusks, were examined for parasites. 

 This paper reports on 30 copepod species found in 39 host species. Myicola 

 spinosa n. sp. was found on gills and mantle of Venus mercenaria in May and 

 June. - J.L.M. 



405 



