1464 



Petersen, C. G. Joh. 1918. 



The sea bottom and its production of fish food. A survey of the work done 

 in connection with valuation of the Danish waters from 18 8 3-1917. Rept. 

 Danish Biol. Sta. 25, 82 p. 



The Venus community and other communities are described and discussed. 



- J.L.M. 



1465 



Pf itzenmeyer , Hayes T. 1972. 



Molluscs of the Chesapeake Bay. In Biota of the Chesapeake Bay. Andrew J. 

 McErlean, Catherine Kerby and Marvin L. Wass (edsj . Chesapeake Sci. 13 

 (Suppl.): S107-S115. 



Most Bay research on mollusks has centered on American oyster, soft clam, 

 and Meroenaria meroenaria. Hard clam is limited in distribution to high 

 salinity areas of the lower Bay, but extends into Maryland waters with 

 populations dense enough to support a modest commercial fishery. Biology 

 of hard clam has received less attention than that of the other 2 major 

 commercial species. Information on growth and survival, economic 

 importance, and general biology is contained in other papers abstracted 

 in this bibliography. The center of the hard clam industry is not in the 

 Bay itself, but in the Chincoteague Bay area of Virginia and Maryland on 

 the seaside of the Eastern Shore. - J.L.M. 



1466 



Pfitzenmeyer, H. T. 1972. 



Tentative outline for inventory of molluscs: Mya arenaria (soft-shell clam). 

 In Biota of the Chesapeake Bay. Andrew J. McErlean, Catherine Kerby and 

 Marvin L. Wass (edsO. Chesapeake Sci. 13 (suppl.): S182-S184. 



The outline applies generally to all mollusks, and could be useful as an 

 outline for a synopsis of knowledge of Meroenaria meroenaria. Major 

 headings are: Description of Species, which includes taxonomic, dis- 

 tributional, and life history information; and Ecological Information, 

 including habitat, feeding, predation, fisheries, and influence of toxic 

 substances. - J.L.M. 



1467 



Phelps, Donald K. 1964. 



Distribution of benthic invertebrates in relationship to the environment of 

 Charlestown Pond. Univ. R. I . , Narragansett Marine Lab., Rept. 64-3: 18-54. 

 Portions of a Doctoral Dissertation. Functional relationships of benthos in 

 a coastal lagoon. Univ. R.I. Library (As received, this was the cover page, 

 numbered 18, of a xerox copy). Next page is page 1, entitled: Progress 

 Report - Environmental relationships of benthos in salt ponds, covering the 

 period January 1, 1962 to October 1, 1964. H. Perry Jeffries, Coordinator. 

 Grad. School Oceanogr. , Univ. R.I., Kingston, Ref. 64-3, October 15, 1964: 

 19-54. 



The only specific reference to hard clam (Meroenaria meroenaria) is the 

 statement that an understanding of why certain salt ponds gain and lose climax 

 communities of commercially important forms, and why some are continuously 

 producing oysters, quahaugs, or scallops must be preceded by an awareness of 

 overall conditions. To recognize that the pond is a functioning system, and 

 that all of its parts are interdependent, is to recognize that this system 

 works toward an immutable succession, the ultimate resolution of which is its 

 transition from a marine to a terrestrial environment. Through intelligent 

 manipulation a climax community of oysters, clams, quahaugs, or scallops 

 could be encouraged or preserved. Conclusions re management were: 1) in 



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