sediments finer than sand there is a complete lack of structural stability 

 over time; 2) in very fine sands diversity is high, redundancy low, and 

 stability is characteristic of faunal and sediment populations - here a 

 population would not reach commercial density; 3) in medium fine sands 

 climax communities produce great abundance, and commercially important 

 species could be reared for economic exploitation. Charlestown Pond is not 

 a good place for planktonic larval stages, but it is a good growing area for 

 postlarval bivalves. - J.L.M. 



1468 



Phillips, F. X. 1971. 



The ecology of the benthic maCroinvertebrates of Barnegat Bay, N.J. Ph.D. 

 thesis, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J., 178 p. 



Major taxa in samples included bivalves. Observed distribution was irregular. 

 Several of the more common species were associated with specific substrates, 

 others were more widespread. - modified from Dissert. Abstr. Internatl. 32(9), 

 1972: 5148B; species were not mentioned in the abstract. - J.L.M. 



1469 



Phillips, Ronald C. 1960. 



Observations on the ecology and distribution of the Florida seagrasses. 

 Fla. State Bd. Conserv., Mar. Lab., St. Petersburg, Prof. Pap. 2, 72 p. 



Meraenaria meraenaria and other biota are not discussed. - J.L.M. 



1470 



Philpott, D. E., Margit Kahlbrock, and A. G. Szent-Gyorgyi . 1960. 



Filamentous organization of molluscan muscles. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 3: 

 254-269. 



Adductor muscles (or anterior byssus retractor of Mytilus edulis) of 7 

 bivalve species were made to relax by adding magnesium sulphate to the sea- 

 water. It is interesting that this method did not work with Meraenaria 

 meraenaria. Examination was made on fixed and stained material. Two types 

 of filamentous structure were found: thick filaments with diameters 250 to 

 1500 A, and thin filaments with diameters about 50 A. Thick filaments had 

 the 145 A periodicity characteristic of paramyosin. It is proposed that 

 thick filaments of quahog are mostly paramyosin, thin filaments actomyosin. 

 The two types of filament were found in tinted and white adductor muscle of 

 Meraenaria. It is reasonable to assign the contractile properties of "catch 

 muscle" to its actomyosin content. (Abstracter's note: some of the 27 

 literature citations are abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography. They 

 were located from other references. We made no attempt to locate and read 

 others because titles are not given). - J.L.M. 



1471 



Pierce, Madelene E. 19 50. 



Venus meraenaria. In Selected Invertebrate Types. Frank A. Brown, Jr. (edj . 

 John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York: 324-334. 



This is a valuable guide to the anatomy and functional morphology of hard 

 clam. It leads the student to detailed structure of the shell, muscle 

 attachments, mantle, visceral mass and foot, respiratory system, circulatory 

 system, excretory system, digestive system, and reproductive system. Details 

 are illustrated with clear labelled diagrams. (Abstracters' note: the chapter 

 on certain sponges (Cliona, Halichondria, Chalina) by W. D. Burbanck (p. 78 

 ff) mentions that clam shells, particularly Venus, are often completely 

 riddled by the boring sponge Cliona.) - J.L.M. and M.W.S. 



411 



