1512 



Pruder, Gary D., Ellis T. Bolton, and Stuart F. Faunce. 1977. 



System configuration and performance bivalve molluscan mariculture. College 

 of Marine Studies, Univ. Delaware, Newark, Sea Grant Tech. Rept. DEL-SG-1-7 7, 

 21 p, (U.S. Dept. Commerce, Natl. Tech. Inf. Serv. PB-265 423.) 



The report deals with oyster culture. Section headings include: 1) quantity 

 of algae cleared by oysters; 2) recycle system configuration; 3) prototype 

 system; and 4) mass outdoor cultivation of algae. - J.L.M. 



1513 



Pruder, Gary D., Ellis T. Bolton, and Paul H. Sammelwitz . 1976. 



Controlled-environment bivalve molluscan mariculture. Coll. Mar. Stud. , 

 Univ. Del., Newark, DEL-SG-23-76, 14 p. 



The closed-cycle controlled system was developed to experiment with 

 commercially applicable methods for growing Crassostrea virginiaa and 

 Mercenaria mercenaria. The report emphasizes accomplishments in designing, 

 constructing and operating the laboratory; development and improvement of 

 techniques; and results to date with oysters. No specific data are given on 

 hard clam. Major remaining problems were: gaps in knowledge of mass algal 

 culture, and rapid growth and premature spawning of oysters. - J.L.M. 



1514 



Pruder, Gary D., Ellis T. Bolton, Earl E. Greenhaugh, and Robert E. Baggaley. 

 1976. 



Oyster growth and nutrient nitrogen cost in bivalve molluscan mariculture. 

 Coll. Mar. Stud., Univ. Del., Sea Grant. Tech. Rept. DEL-SG-11-76 : 3-20. 

 (U.S. Dept. Commerce, Natl. Tech. Inf. Serv. PB-257 991.) 



The Delaware Mariculture Project has the objective of developing an efficient, 

 reliable, and economical process and hardware system to raise Crassostrea 

 virginiaa, Mercenaria mercenaria, and other commercially desirable bivalves 

 from egg to marketable size. Procedures and results are discussed under the 

 following headings: 1) improved oyster growth rate; 2) reduction in make-up 

 nutrient cost; and 3) application of foam fractionation. Potential to recycle 

 and reduce cost of nitrogen, when the supply is obtained from commercially 

 available chemicals, is made evident by the small percentage of N that is 

 utilized by oysters. An 85 g oyster will yield 2.7 g dry tissue weight of 

 which 10% or 0.27 g is nitrogen. The shell contains 1/2% organic material 

 (0.35 g) , of which 0.03 g is N. Intake is 380 g N/bu, of which 90 g N/bu 

 is utilized, a conversion efficiency of 24%. With recycling, it is difficult 

 to envision a nitrogen cost exceeding 10*/bu. - J.L.M. 



1515 



Prusch, Robert D., and Carol Hall. 1978. 



Diffusional water permeability in selected marine bivalves. Biol. Bull 

 154(2) : 292-301. 



The water permeability of mantle tissue from several marine, and one fresh- 

 water, species of mollusc, including Mercenaria mercenaria, was determined. 

 Water permeability was generally correlated with habitat, permeability 

 decreasing with increasing height above the sublittoral zone. The observed 

 differences are not caused by a change in physical dimensions of tissue, but 

 may be caused by changes in chemical composition. - authors' summary - J.L.M. 



1516 



Prytherch, Herbert F. 1937. 



The cultivation of lamellibranch larvae. In- Culture Methods for Inverte- 

 brate Animals. Paul S. Galtsoff et al. (eds.) . Dover Pubs., New York: 

 539-543. 



A general discussion of culture methods. Venus is mentioned. - J.L.M. 



423 



