contain titles we made no attempt to locate and read any of the others. 

 - M.W.S. and J.L.M. 



1533 



Ruggieri, George D. 1972. 



The search for anti-cancer agents from marine organisms: biological aspects. 

 In Food-Drugs from the Sea, Proceedings 1972. Leonard R. VJorthen (ed.). 

 Mar. Tech. Soc, Washington, D.C.; 354-358. 



Cites studies of Mercenaria mercenaria by Schmeer (1964) and Hegyeli (1964) , 

 abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography. Level of anti-cancerous activity 

 varies with season and may be temperature-dependent. Clams brought into the 

 laboratory in winter show progressive increases in amount of active substance 

 as clams are acclimated to higher temp. - J.L.M. 



1584 



Russell, Howard J., Jr. 1972. 



Use of a commercial dredge to estimate a hardshell clam population by 

 stratified random sampling. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 29(12): 1731-1735. 



Mercenaria mercenaria occurs naturally in contagious distributions that fit 

 the negative binomial. If surveys designed to estimate clam abundance do 

 not take this into account they can be seriously in error. The sampling 

 design in this study was based on a preliminary survey which produced a 

 contour plan of abundance. The final survey attempted to sample equal 

 fractions of areas of bottom between contours. The rocking-chair dredge 

 was calibrated in action to determine the area of bottom covered by a 

 10-minute standard tow. Estimates of abundance on the same ground were 

 made from catch and effort data supplied by the commercial clam fleet. 

 Population estimates at the beginning and end of the commercial dredge 

 season, by stratified sampling were 18,148-5,704 bu and 7,235*2,167 bu 

 respectively. By the DeLury method applied to commercial catch and effort 

 data the initial population was estimated to be 21,880 bu, with limits of 

 18,170 and 28,510 bu. Good agreement between these estimates demonstrated 

 that the rocking-chair dredge provides estimates well within the range of 

 accuracy required for management of commercial fisheries. - J.L.M. 



1585 



Rutherford, Donald. 1975. 



Oysters in hot water. Sea Frontiers 21(5): 273-280. 



International Shellfish Enterprises, Inc., of Moss Landing, Calif., raises 

 quantities of young Crassostrea virginica and Mercenaria mercenaria (not 

 identified by scientific name in the article, but known from other sources) . 

 Local upwelling provides nutrients for growing planktonic algal foods, and 

 stimulation of spawning and growth is provided by waste heat from a power 

 plant. Oysters, which require 3 to 4 yrs to reach maturity in their native 

 habitat, mature within 15 months at Moss Landing. Similar results have been 

 obtained with clams and scallops. Growth rates of individuals from the same 

 brood vary greatly, and runts are selected out, to provide a supply of 

 uniform size. One problem encountered in starting the operation was to 

 obtain approval from regulatory agencies. It was necessary to deal with 15 

 agencies. The attitude of representatives of many agencies was to restrict 

 rather than to encourage. - J.L.M. 



1586 



Ryder, John A. 1889. 



The byssus of the young of the common clam (Mya arenaria L.J. Am. Nat. 

 23(265) : 65-67. 



This apparently was the first published observation that Mya originally 

 attaches by a single byssal thread. Mercenaria (Venus) mercenaria is not 

 mentioned, but it is suggested that other bivalves may attach by the same 

 method. (Abstracter's note: if the title had been cited correctly, we 



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