1596 



Ryther, J. H.,and W. M. Dunstan. 1971. 



Nitrogen phosphorus and eutrophication in the coastal marine environment 

 Science 171: 1008-1013. 



No mention of Mercenaria (Venus) mercenaria. - W.J.B. 



1597 



Ryther, John H., and Kenneth R. Tenore. 19 76. 



Integrated system of mollusk culture. In Harvesting Polluted Waters 

 0. Devik (edj. Plenum Press, New York: 153-167. 



Discusses in general the environmental requirements of mollusks with respect 

 to their potential for mariculture in heated effluents. Considerations 

 relating to type of power plant and its future level of operation also are 

 discussed. Food supply is equally as important as temperature if the project 

 is to succeed. References to Mercenaria mercenaria are contained in papers 

 abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography. - J.L.M. 



1598 



Ryther, J. H., W. M. Dunstan, K. R. Tenore, and J. E. Huguenin. 1972. 



Controlled eutrophication, increasing food production from the sea by 

 recycling human wastes. BioScience 22: 144-152. 



Mercenaria mercenaria is not mentioned. - K.V.S. 



1599 



Ryther, John K., Joel C. Goldman, Cameron E. Gifford, John E. Huguenin, Asa S. 

 Wing, J. Philip Clarner, Lavergne D. Williams, and Brian E. Lapointe. 1975. 



Physical models of integrated waste recycling-marine polyculture systems. 

 Aquaculture 5: 163-177. 



The system is described in detail, and some preliminary experimental results 

 described. Mollusks held in the system were seed clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) 

 approximately 1.25 cm long, and seed oysters. Juvenile bait worms (Nereis 

 virens) were introduced to feed on clam biodeposits. Performance was to be 

 reported separately. - J.L.M. 



1600 



Saddler, James B , and Frieda B. Taub. 1972. 



Chemical variability of algal shellfish feeds. Proc . Natl. Shellf. Assn. 

 62 : 6-7 (abstract) . 



Controlling the levels of NO, and PCK in nutrient medium used for algal culture 

 controls protein level, total lipid level, and composition of algal fatty acids. 

 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were grown in defined inorganic media with initial 

 concentrations 5 mM NO3, 0.04 mM P0 4 to 0.025 mM NO3, 0.002 mM PO4 . Decreased 

 NO3 and PO4 concentrations reduced cell yield, but total lipid content/algal 

 cell was greatest at 0.5 mM NO3 and 0.04 mM P0 4 . High and moderate levels of 

 these two nutrients gave similar fatty acid compositions, but when these 

 amounts were reduced major changes were seen in algal fattv acid composition. 

 Saturated fatty acids 16:0 decreased from 31 to 23%, and 20:0 decreased from 

 4 to 2%, stearic acid increased from trace amounts to a max of 12% at lowest 

 NO3 and PO4 concentrations. Fatty acid 16:3 decreased from 4 to less than 1% 

 and 18:4 decreased from 20 to 3%, while C-20 and C-22 polyunsaturates 

 increased from trace amounts to a max of 21%. The result was an increase in 

 percentage of long chain fatty acids, especially polyunsaturates. In 

 continuous culture Monochrysis lutheri has considerably larger amounts of 

 polyunsaturates than C. reinhardtii. Responses of different algal species to 

 growth conditions are similar. Therefore, it can be expected that the increase 

 in C-20 and C-22 PUFA observed for C. reinhardtii at low NO3-PO4 concentrations 

 will also be true for M. lutheri. No mention is made of individual species of 

 bivalve, but this knowledge will be useful to shellfish hatchery operators. 

 - modified authors' abstract - J.L.M. 



444 



