1609 



Sanders, Howard L. 1958. 



Benthic studies in Buzzards Bay. I. Animal-sediment relationships. Limnol . 

 Oceanogr. 3: 245-258. 



No mention of Mercenaria (Venus) mercenaria. - W.J.B. 



1610 



Sanders, H. L. 1960. 



Benthic studies in Buzzards Bay. III. The structure of the soft-bottom 

 community. Limnol. Oceanogr. 5(2): 138-153. 



Mercenaria mercenaria is not mentioned. - J.L.M. 



1611 



Sanders, Howard L., J. Frederick Grassle, and George R. Hampson. 1972. 



The West Falmouth oil spill. I. Biology. Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Tech. 

 Rept. 70-20, 23 p., tables. 



Bivalves were essentially missing from samples taken in fall, winter, and 

 spring of 1969-70. Shells of recently killed clams (Mya arenaria ?) were 

 present in fall samples. Two Gemma gemma were the only living clams in a 

 sample taken on 21 Sept 1969, 5 days after the oil spill. The last sample 

 analyzed, on 1 March 1971, contained a single quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) 

 less than a year old. This was an "intertidal station. At station 9, farther 

 seaward, a sample on 18 Dec 1969 contained a single living Callocardia 

 morrhuana. The 8 April 1970 sample had none. On 13 July 1970, 28 bivalves 

 of 5 species, but no M. mercenaria, were present. By 11 Aug 1970 the sample 

 contained 2,467 members of 16 species, including 4 M. mercenaria. - J.L.M. 



1612 



Sanders, K. L., P. C. Mangelsdorf, Jr., and G. R. Hampson. 1965. 



Salinity and faunal distribution in the Focasset River, Massachusetts. 

 Limnol. Oceanogr. 10 (suppl.): R216-R229. 



Only one specimen of Mercenaria mercenaria was taken. - J.L.M. 



1613 



Sanders, H. L., E. M. Goudsmit, E. L. Mills, and G. E. Hampson. 1962. 



A study of the intertidal fauna of Barnstable Harbor, Massachusetts. Limnol. 

 Oceanogr. 7(1): 63-79. 



Mercenaria (Venus) mercenaria was present, but was not a major element in the 

 biological economy of the area. The only discussion of the species was in the 

 authors' concluding remarks: "... the average fisheries biologist is hardly 

 aware that species other than the commercial clams Venus mercenaria and 

 Mya arenaria exist in Barnstable Harbor where neither is a major element . . . 

 Evidence has been presented which shows that the abundance of Mya in 

 Barnstable Harbor may largely be determined by biological competition with 

 other species. The naive practice in applied fisheries biology of studying a 

 commercial species in complete isolation from its biological environment can 

 never lead to an understanding or even an insight of the problem. No species 

 in nature lives in a biological vacuum. Brpad, detailed, and many-dimensional 

 community investigations represent the only practical approach to a proper 

 understanding of applied fisheries problems." (Abstracter's note: I cannot 

 disagree with the wisdom of this statement. Experienced fishery biologists 

 are not so naive as to believe that fishery problems are that simple. 

 However, fishery research and management do not exist in a socio-political 

 vacuum, either. Socio-political forces are also a part of the fishery- 

 ecological environment and they introduce constraints equally as important 

 and difficult as biological, physical, and chemical factors.) - J.L.M. 



447 



