1640 



Scholander, P. F. 1960. 



Oxygen transport through hemoglobin solutions. Science 131(3400): 585-590. 



In studies of steady-state diffusion of air at various pressures through 

 hemoglobin solutions nitrogen diffused in proportion to pressure, but rate 

 of oxygen transport was greatly enhanced and apparently proceeded by 2 

 additive processes. One was regular diffusion through the solvent (water), 

 which was proportional to pressure; the other was specific transport mediated 

 by hemoglobin molecules at a rate constant over a wide pressure range. At 

 low tensions the process may transport "over eight times more oxygen" than 

 does straight diffusion. Myoglobin and a few other pigments in vitro have 

 the same property. Mercenaria mercenaria is not mentioned. - J.L.M. 



1641 



Schreiber, Robert A. 1973. 



The fishes of Great South Bay. Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of 

 the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science, State Univ. of N. Y., 

 199 p. 



The Bay produces important amounts of shellfishes, especially hard clam 

 (Mercenavia mercenaria) . Hard clam production has been rising steadily 

 since the mid-1950s (latest year 197C), and most has come from Great South 

 Bay. This species accounts for more than 50% of the total value of all 

 fishes and shellfishes landed in New York. - J.L.M. 



1642 



Schroeder, William C. 1920. 



Clam resources of the Ten Thousand Islands, Fla. U.S. Bu. Fish., Econ. Circ. 

 46, 5 p. 



This paper was not examined, on the assumption that the gist of it was 

 contained in Schroeder (1924), which is abstracted in this bibliography. 

 - J.L.M. 



1643 



Schroeder, William C. 1924. 



Fisheries of Key West and the clam industry of southern Florida. Rept. U.S. 

 Commr. Fish, for 1923, Appendix 12, Doc. 962, 74 p. 



Key West was settled in 1822, and fishing has been one of its principal 

 industries. Hard clam, Venus mercenaria mortoni 3 does not occur at Key West, 

 but the clam industry of southwest Fla. is of great importance. The largest 

 bed of clams in the U.S. was in the region of the Ten Thousand Islands off the 

 southwest coast of Fla. The bed was about 40 mi long and 5 mi wide and 

 contained nearly 150 mi2 of clam-producing grounds. The southern part of the 

 bed was about 70 mi from Key West and could be reached from there in less than 

 24 hr in a small sailboat. Small landings of quahog at Key West are caused by 

 lack of local demand. From 1889 to 1915 annual landings of clams at Key West 

 varied from 10 to 25 thousand clams. In 1918 two fishermen with a single boat 

 were the only clam fishermen. They landed 38,000 clams. Fla. hard clam 

 (V, mercenaria mortoni) resembles New England quahaug (V. mercenaria) closely. 

 Adults of southern clam are larger and have a heavier shell; a weight of 2 lbs 

 is not unusual. The species has 3 types: thick-lipped, thin-lipped, and 

 intermediate. Dead clamshells were very abundant in some parts of the ground, 

 and mortality has been attributed to dredging. The author concluded that the 

 mortality was natural, possibly caused by sudden salinity changes. Estimates 

 of abundance on various beds are given. Clams were harvested by hand-digging 

 in the intertidal zone, or in shallow water, by the method known as treading. 

 The clam dredge used had teeth at intervals on a moving belt, mounted on a 

 large, houseboat-like vessel 90 ft long by 20 ft wide. The dredge and method 

 of operation are described in detail. Except for small amounts landed at 

 Key West, most clams were canned in 2 canneries, at Marco and Caxambas, Lee 

 County. Packs were little-neck clams, steamed clams, minced clams, clam 



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