chowder, and clam juice. Processing is described in detail. It was concluded 

 that the clam resource of southern Fla. could withstand a larger harvest. 

 Principal constraints were inaccessibility of the resource and remoteness from 

 northern markets. - J.L.M. 



1644 



Schubel, J. R., and D. J. Hirschberg. 1978. 



Estuarine graveyards, climatic change, and the importance of the estuarine 

 environment. Estuarine Interactions. Academic Press, Inc.: 285-303. 



Perhaps the most diagnostic indicators of ancient estuarine deposits are 

 the remains of "estuarine" organisms like Mercenaria mercenaria, which are 

 not living, and which" may be misleading. McHugh has recently questioned 

 the basis from which he and others had inferred estuarine-dependence, 

 noting that at least one author had questioned the merits of spending 

 large sums on management of hard clam, which is fated eventually to 

 diminish greatly in abundance, if not to diminish entirely, in the normal 

 course of events. Some well-intentioned but overzealous environmentalists 

 have laid great stress on the importance of estuaries for survival of many 

 important species . It would appear that such evaluations cannot be 

 justified; which is not to say that estuaries are unimportant. - J.L.M. 



1645 



Schwartz, N., H. E. Gaffney, M. S. Schmutzer, and F. D. Stefano. 1963. 



A method for the analysis of chlorinated benzenes in clams (Mercenaria 

 mercenaria) and oysters (Crassostrea virginica) . J. Assn. Official Agric. 

 Chen. 46 (5) : 893-898. 



Polystream, a mixture of chlorinated benzenes, has been shown to be effective 

 in controlling predators on shellfish grounds. It was desirable to determine 

 residues of Polystream present in Mercenaria mercenaria and Crassostrea 

 virginica after treatment. The compound was extracted with n-hexane- 

 isopropanol followed by gas chromatographic separation. The method can 

 detect quantities as small as 10~1° g. Average recovery of added Polvstream 

 was 99% for clam samples and 104% (sic) for oysters. Recoveries were 

 estimated by reading the 1, 2, 3 , 4-tetrachlorobenzene peak. Relative precision 

 for triplicate chromatograms was - 5%. Extraction recoveries under these 

 experimental conditions , in which chlorinated benzenes were added to the 

 macerated sample, do not necessarily represent conditions in exposed mollusks, 

 where the compounds may be present in tissues. - J.L.M. 



1646 



Schwind, Phil. 1977. 



Practical Shellfish Farming. Internatl. Mar. Pub. Co., Camden, Me., 112 p. 

 (2. Quahogs: 18-34) . 



This is a rather general account, describing growth rate, importance of 

 currents, substrate, predation, and planting methods with mature stock, seed 

 clams, and raft culture. The value of this brief account to someone beginning 

 with limited knowledge is questionable. - J.L.M. 



1647 



Seapy, R. R., and C. L. Kitting. 1978. 



Spatial structure of an intertidal molluscan assemblage on a sheltered sandy 

 beach. Mar. Biol. 46(2): 137-145. 



No mention of Mercenaria mercenaria. - J.L.M. and M.W.S. 



456 



