1676 



Sidwell, Virginia D., James C. Bonnet, and Elizabeth G. Zook. 1973. 



Chemical and nutritive values of several fresh and canned finfish, 

 crustaceans, and mollusks. Part I. Proximate composition, calcium, and 

 phosphorus. Mar. Fish. Rev. 35(12): 16-19. 



Proximate composition of hard clans (llercenaria mercenaria) was as follows: 

 mean ± standard error, range, and number of analyses; 91.8 ± 0.1, 90.8-92.5, 

 20 for moisture in g%; 4.41 ± 0.17, 3.20-6.24, 19 for crude protein in g%; 

 1.97 ± 0.02, 1.79-2.16, 20 for ash in g%; 0.21 ± 0.02, 0.10-0.42, 20 for 

 ether fat in g%; 65 ± 3, 20-91, 31 for Ca in mg%; and 69 ± 3, 50-130, 26 for 

 P in mg%. - J.L.M. 



1677 



Sidwell, Virginia D. , Audrey L. Loomis , Pauline R. Foncannon, and David H. 

 Buzzell. 1978. 



Composition of the edible portion of raw (fresh or frozen) crustaceans, 

 finfish, and mollusks. IV. Vitamins. Mar. Fish. Review 40(12): 1-16. 



Clams of the family Veneridae contained the following vitamins, (averages, 

 range, number of averages used): A 1,124*237, 887-1,360, 2 I.U: Ascorbic 

 acid 14.2*1.1, 13.1-15.2, 2 mg; Thiamin 100*33, 10-240, Ivq; Riboflavin 

 381*147, 20-940, 7 \iq; Niacin 2.9±0.6, 1.1-5.0, 6 mg; B 12 3.9*1.7, 2.2-5.6, 

 2 tig. - J.L.M. 



1678 



Sidwell, Virginia D., Audrey L. Loomis, Karen J. Loomis, Pauline R. Foncannon, 

 and David H. Buzzell. 1978. 



Composition of the edible portion of raw (fresh or frozen) crustaceans, 

 finfish, and molluscs. III. Microelements. Mar. Fish. Rev. 40(9): 1-20. 



Clams (Venus) contained 4.3 (0.0-19.2) 10 averages Cu , 59.6 (16.0-130.0) 

 12 averages Fe, 27.5 (5.1-77.0) 11 averages Zn, 0.8 (0.2-1.4) 5 averages I, 

 0.1 (0.0-0.3) 18 averages Hg , 0.8 (0.2-2.6) 6 averages Pb, 2.0 (0.9-5.6) 

 8 averages As, 0.2 (0.0-0.6) 11 averages Cd, 0.3 Co, 0.6 Se, 0.3 (0.2-0.4) 

 5 averages Ch, 254.7 Al , and 0.6 Ni. The first figure is an average, 

 figures in parentheses the range of averages, and third figure the number 

 of averages. Where only one number is given there was only one determination. 

 Sometimes the range is large because wide variations occur with season. - 

 J.L.M. 



1679 



Sieling, F. W. 1956. 



The hardshell clam fishery of Maryland waters. Md. Tidewater News 12(10), 

 suppl. 9, 2 p. 



Venus mevcenaT-ia supports a considerable commercial and recreational fishery 

 along the seaside of Maryland (ocean side of the Delmarva Peninsula) . Annual 

 production is about 25 million clams, from Chincoteague and Sinepuxent Bays 

 and adjoining waters. Md. ranked 7th in hard clam production on the Atlantic 

 coast in 1948. Hard clams are found in muddy, sandy, or clay mixture bottoms 

 from high tide to 50 or 60 ft deep in suitable salinity. They do not thrive 

 in water less than 15°/°° salinity. They are absent in the Md.part of 

 Chesapeake Bay except near the Virginia line and in the Pocomoke and Tangier 

 Sound areas. Spawning in Md. usually begins about the first of June and lasts 

 through Aug. Average length at the end of the first year is about 3/4". New 



465 



