1713 



St. Amant, Lyle S. 1972. 



Biological effects of petroleum exploration and production in coastal 

 Louisiana. In Santa Barbara Oil Symposium, Santa Barbara, 16-18 Dec. 1970, 

 R. W. Holmes and F. A. DeWitt (eds.) . Univ. Calif.: 335-354. (Citation not 

 contained on copy received from Univ. Nebraska Lincoln Libraries.) 



The only mention of clams (species not specified) is the following: 

 4. Direct loss of oyster or clam producing areas to industrial competition 

 for the same water bottoms or physical damages to beds by the construction 

 of nearby facilities. This is a good discussion of the effects of petroleum 

 exploration and production on oysters and other important animals. During 

 early production and throughout the second world war there was no regulation 

 of industry with respect to pollution. After 1950 the impact of the petro- 

 leum industry on oyster growing became evident, and this led to a pollution 

 control system and administrative procedures to protect the coastal environ- 

 ment. The cumulative results of introduction of sublethal amounts of oil or 

 other pollutants into the environment for long periods of time and the addi- 

 tive effect of apparently innocuous ecological changes are unknown. These 

 two factors may in the long run result in disastrous management of the en- 

 vironment if we continue to make decisions based only on obvious short-term 

 effects. - J.L.M. 



±714 



St. Amant, L. S. 1973. 



Shellfish and crustacean productivity in marshes and estuaries. Proc . 

 Coastal Marsh and Estuary Mgmt. Symp., Baton Rouge, La.: 151-161. 



SUIIY - Stony Brook library reported that after considerable searching they 

 were unable to locate or verify this title. Because it does not necessarily 

 relate to Meroenaria meroenaria search was terminated. - J.L.M. 



1715 



Staff of Sandy Hook Laboratory, NMFS , NOAA. 1971. 



Review of aquatic resources and hydrographic characteristics of Raritan, 

 Lower New York and Sandy Hook Bays. Rept. prepared for Batelle Inst. 

 Appendix III. Special Report on Benthic Communities and Shellfish 

 Population in Lower and Raritan Bay: 62-86. 



Adult M. mercenaria are not uniformly distributed in Upper New York or 

 Raritan Bays. At 7 stations 12-15 ft deep densities ranged from one clam 

 per 6 ft2 to one per 170 f t2 . At 23-25 ft deep density was one clam per 

 9 f t2 . Standing crop and species diversity were impoverished. Larger 

 numbers of commercial-size hard clams were found in New York waters of the 

 Bay and larger number of smaller clams in N.J. It is suggested that normal 

 reproduction and recruitment may not occur in relatively heavily polluted 

 waters off Staten Is. Standing crops of hard clam in Raritan Bay are 

 similar to or greater than those reported in Narragansett Bay. Dates of 

 sampling are not given, but the year was presumably 1971. - J.L.M. 



1716 



Stafford, J. 1901. 



The clam fishery of Passamaquoddy Bay. Contrib. Canadian Biol. (1901): 

 19-40, 4 pis. 



South of New York the common species is Venus mereenaria, but this report 

 deals in great detail with Mya arenaria, which is the commonest north of 

 Boston. - J.L.M. 



474 



