1735 



Stimpson, W. 1860. 



Mollusca of Beaufort, N.C. Am. J. Sci., ser. II, 29: 442. 



According to Jacot (1921) , abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography, Stimpson 

 recorded Venus mercenaria and V. campechiensis from this area. He also points 

 out that Stimpson confused Cape Lookout with Cape Hatteras. - J.L.M. 



1736 



Stolting, Walter H., and Morton J. Garfield. 1952. 



Fish and shellfish preferences of household consumers-1951. Part I - National 

 summary. Part II - Regional summary. U.S. Dept. Interior, Fish Wildl. Serv. , 

 Washington, D.C. Fishery Leaflets 407 and 408, 46 and 66 p. 



Clams are treated as a generic group, species not identified. Fresh, frozen, 

 and canned shellfish was used in less than half as many households in the 

 United States as fresh, frozen, and canned fish. - J.L.M. 



1737 



Strand, Ivar E., Jr. 1979. 



Economic research on clams: A review and assessment. In Proc . Northeast 

 Clam Industries: Management for the Future. Ext. Sea Grant Advisory Pro- 

 gram, U. Mass., and MIT Sea Grant Program, SP-112: 131-138. 



This review of the literature suggests some future directions for research. 

 For those clams that come within FCMA control, economic research should 

 improve. It is presumed also that biologists will have better data to do 

 growth and recruitment studies. Research on demand for clams is appropriate, 

 because it is still not possible to say whether demand is elastic or inelastic. 

 It appears that additional clams appear to be more important than additional 

 markets, at present. Exploratory work on private and public economics of the 

 development of hatcheries is in order. There is no current fisheries litera- 

 ture that adequately deals with joint production systems, and once the steady- 

 state or zero recruitment assumptions are denied, disequilibrium models and 

 estimating techniques have not been tested. But the most critical failure of 

 past economic research has been its failure to demonstrate convincingly that 

 management will assist the industry in obtaining reasonable profits. Until 

 this is accomplished, the usefulness of past research will not be appreciated. 

 - J.L.M. 



1738 



Stringer, L. D. 1950. 



Greenwich Bay survey. Ann. Conf . , Clam Investigations, Boothbay Harbor, Me. 

 U.S. Dept. Interior, Fish Wildl. Serv.: 17-18. 



Area of Greenwich Bay is about 111.3 million ft 2 or 2,560 acres. Number of 

 quahogs/ft 2 was 1.34, and total estimated population 149 million. 

 Differences between mud and sand, and eastern and western parts were: mud, 

 0.93 clams/ft 2 ; sand, 1.77 clams/ft 2 ; eastern, 1.45 clams/ft 2 ; western, 

 1.19 clams/ft 2 . - J.L.M. 



1739 



Stringer, Louis D. 1952. 



The hard clam (quahaug) program. Proc. Natl. Shellf. Assn. for 1950: 34-37. 



Objectives of the federal program were to: 1) determine the physical and 

 biological conditions needed to maintain an area at maximum production, or 

 restore a depleted area; 2) determine if an understanding of these conditions 

 can be used to maintain production or overcome depletion; and 3) develop 

 methods to attack problems in other areas. R.I. was chosen because it has an 

 intensive and highly productive hard clam fishery, the productive areas were 

 small enough for easy intensive study, a marine laboratory was available, and 



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