1745 



Struve, K., and W. Kairies. 1930. 



Die chemische Zusammensetzung einiger als Fischnahrung wichtigen wirbellosen 

 Bodentiere der Nordsee. Wiss. Meeresunters . Abt. Helgoland, N.F. 17(6): 1-22. 



Dry organic matter as % of living or wet weight of Venus ovata is 7%. - J.L.M. 



1746 



Stunkard, Horace W. 1938. 



The morphology and life cycle of the trematode Himasthla quissetensis (Miller 

 and Northup, 1926). Biol. Bull. 75(1): 145-164. 



Vogel (1933) , abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography, concluded that 

 Himasthla muehlensi, a human parasite, is aquired by eating raw or 

 insufficiently cooked mollusks. Examination of large numbers of Venus 

 mercenaria purchased in the New York market, failed to detect metacercaria 

 of this species. Thus, it could not be determined whether H. muehlensi is 

 distinct from H, quissetensis , which was found in Nassa obsoleta at Woods 

 Hole, Mass. - J.L.M. 



1747 



Stunkard, Horace W., and Joseph R. Uzmann. 1958. 



Studies on digenetic trematodes of the genera Gymnophallus and Parvatrema. 

 Biol. Bull. 115(2): 276-302. 



Sinitsin (1911) described Adolescaria perla from near the gill plates of an 

 unidentified species of Venus. - M.W.S. and J.L.M. 



1748 



Subrahmanyam, C. B., and C. H. Oppenheimer. 1970. 



Food preference and growth of grooved penaeid shrimp. In Food and Drugs 

 from the Sea, Proceedings 1969. K. W. Youngken, Jr. (ed.). Mar. Tech. 

 Soc, Washington, D.C.: 65-75. 



Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine growth in length and 

 weight, conversion efficiency, and mortality on different diets. Mercenaria 

 was not an ingredient. - J.L.M. 



1749 



Sullivan, Charlotte M. 1948. 



Bivalve larvae of Malpeque Bay, P. E. I. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 

 77, 36 p. , 22 pi. 



Venus mercenaria is placed in the Ensis group of larvae, with high, rounded, 

 long slopes; wide umbones; and long bases. (Abstracter's note: there is 

 some confusion here. Table 1 lists V. mercenaria with Ensis directus, 

 Mytilus edulis , Roche fortia planulata as Ensis group, but the text contains 

 the same species under the heading Rochefortia group.) Except in Venus, 

 umbones are low with wide bases. Large Venus larvae are distinctive, but 

 small stages may be confused with corresponding sizes of Ensis and 

 Roche fortia. V. mercenaria larvae are found in Malpeque Bay from early 

 July to mid-August. Size ranges from 105x120 y to 310x320 y. Small larvae 

 are colorless and silvery. With growth they change to creamy yellow, then 

 to muddy yellow-brown. The "liver" is gray. At 105 to 140 y the umbones 

 begin to project above the hinge line but remain small, low, rounded, and 

 knoblike with narrow bases. Until half-grown, length exceeds height. 

 Thereafter, the difference is reduced until at setting the larva is almost 

 circular. The postero-dorsal angle is higher than the antero-dorsal . 

 Large Venus larvae differ from most others in that the anterior margin is 

 longer and more gently curved than the posterior. The slopes are about 

 equally long. In large larvae the statocyst is often conspicuous in the 

 foot. The transparent, silvery color of small larvae differentiates them 



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