1757 



Swansburg, K. B., and M. W. Mullan. 1957. 



Studies in the self-cleansing of quahaugs (Venus meraenaria, L.). Canada 

 Dept. Fish., manuscript rept. 57-2. 



Could not locate. Search terminated. - J.L.M. 



175 Swedmark, M. , B. Braaton, E. Emanuelsson, and A. Granmo. 1971. 



Biological effects of surface active agents on marine animals. Mar. Biol. 

 9(3): 183-201. 



Effects of 3 anionic and 2 nonionic surface active agents were different on 

 fishes, bivalves, and crustaceans. Fishes were most susceptible, bivalves 

 more tolerant, and decapods most resistant. Anionic surfactants were more 

 toxic to fishes and decapods than nonionic, and soft anionic more toxic than 

 hard. Nonionic surfactants were more toxic to bivalves and barnacles than 

 anionic, and hard nonionic more toxic than soft. Active species were more 

 susceptible than less active. Meraenaria meraenaria was not used. - M.W.S. 

 and J.L.M. 



1759 



Sweeney, Daryl. 1963. 



Dopamine: Its occurrence in molluscan ganglia. Science 139C3559): 1051. 



Cerebropleural, pedal, and visceral ganglia of Meraenaria meraenaria each 

 contained high levels of dopamine. Gill, mantle, heart, and intestinal 

 tissues showed no appreciable dopamine content. Dopamine is the principal 

 catecholamine in molluscan ganglia, and it has a function independent of its 

 role as the precursor to norepinephrine, probably as a regulator of 

 Meraenaria (Venus) heart. The range of concentration in M. meraenaria 

 ganglia was 137 to 405 ug/g, considerably higher than in the other 9 bivalves 

 and gastropods examined. - J.L.M. 



1760 



Sweeney, Daryl. 1969. 



Absence of monoamine (sic) oxidase activity in several invertebrate nervous 

 systems. Am. Zool. 9(3)- 582 (abstract 213). 



Among other species, Meraenaria meraenaria ganglia, heart, gill, digestive 

 gland, kidney, and intestine were assayed. Weak monamine (sic) oxidase 

 activity was noted in hard clam digestive gland (0.07 uM/g/hr for 5- 

 hydroxytryptamine=5-HT and 0.17 for dopamine) and gill (0.06 for 5-HT and 

 0.21 for dopamine). In all other tissues MAO activity was less than 0.05 

 at 22°C for both substrates. It was concluded that monamine oxidase is not 

 involved in metabolism of monoamines in these invertebrate nervous systems. 

 - J.L.M. 



1761 



Sweeney, Daryl C. 1969. 



The synthesis of dopamine from DOPA in the ganglia of Meraenaria meraenaria 

 (Mollusca, Pelecypoda) . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 30(5): 903-907. 



It has been suggested that dopamine may be a transmitter agent in molluscan 

 nervous systems. Ganglia of Meraenaria meraenaria contain the highest 

 concentration of dopamine yet reported for mollusks. Dopamine-^H appeared 

 in ganglia of all experimental clams within 1 hr of injection of DOPA-3H into 

 pedal sinus. Levels of dopamine-^H were highly variable during the 6 hr 

 period of measurement, suggesting an irregular circulation of tracer in the 

 pelecypod hemocoel , but ganglia were consistently the most concentrated site 

 of newly synthesized dopamine as compared with visceral mass, foot, heart, 

 kidney, gill, siphons, mantle, and adductor muscles. Isolated ganglia also 

 were capable of converting DOPA-^H to dopamine-^K, and higher concentrations 



486 



