1791 



Tenore, Kenneth R. 1972. 



Macrobenthos of the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina. Ecol. Monogr. 

 42: 51-69. 



No mention of Meraenaria (Venus) meraenaria. - W.J.B. and M.W.S. 



1792 



Tenore, K. R., and W. M. Dunstan. 1973. 



Comparison of feeding and biodeposition of three bivalves at different food 

 levels. Mar. Biol. 21: 190-195. 



The 3 species were Meraenaria meraenaria, Crassostrea virginica, and Mytilus 

 edulis. Actual amount of food removed by all 3 bivalves increased with 

 increasing food concentration. At all food concentrations hard clam ingested 

 least food, mussel most. Relative feeding rates (percent of available food 

 removed) at lower food levels were depressed for all 3 species, but increased 

 quickly to a maximum at food concentrations typical of natural environment. 

 This max remained constant for mussel and oyster, but declined for hard clam 

 with further increase in food concentration. Hard clam had lowest bio- 

 deposition rate, mussel highest. Biodeposition rates of all 3 increased 

 logarithmically with increasing food concentration. Feeding and biodeposition 

 data were used to calculate assimilation rates, which showed that oysters were 

 most efficient (percent assimilation 87.9 to 77.4), hard clam (77.3 to 71.2) 

 and mussel (75.5 to 71.1) about equal. These bivalves are definitely adapted 

 to food levels found in their natural environments. Increases in these food 

 levels would produce greater biodeposition that could shift the food web to 

 deposit-feeding pathways. The findings also have implications for planning 

 and interpreting studies of heavy metals and other pollutants. In 

 aquaculture it would be advantageous to keep food concentrations within the 

 most favorable assimilation efficiency range, to obtain optimum production. 

 Food was an algal culture dominated by diatoms, especially Skeletonema 

 costatum. - J.L.M. 



1793 



Tenore, Kenneth R., and U. K. Gopalan. 1974. 



Feeding efficiencies of the polychaete Nereis virens cultured on hard-clam 

 tissue and oyster detritus. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 31(10): 1675-1678. 



Ecological and assimilation efficiencies of Nereis virens cultured on minced 

 meats of Mercenaries meraenaria were higher (18.0 and 77.3%) than worms fed on 

 biodeposits from Crassostrea virginica fed on mixed phytoplankton dominated by 

 Phaeodactylum tricornutum (5.7 and 28.8%). Amounts of clam tissue consumed 

 (0.285 g tissue/g dry worms) were considerably less than amounts of oyster 

 biodeposits (1.720 g/g dry worms). - J.L.M. 



1794 



Tenore, Kenneth R. , Joel C. Goldman, and J. Phillip Clarner. 1973. 



The food chain dynamics of the oyster, clam, and mussel in an aquaculture food 

 chain. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 12: 157-165. 



Secondary-treated sewage effluent was used as a nutrient source for culturing 

 marine phytoplankton, which in turn was used as food for rearing Mytilus 

 edulis, Crassostrea virginica, and Meraenaria meraenaria. Feeding rate of 

 mussel (5.36 yg C removed/1/g C/animal) was higher than that of oyster (3.92) 

 and clam (3.03), but ecological efficiencies (net production/ingested food) of 

 clam were highest (23.69%), oyster somewhat lower (18.38%), and mussel poorest 



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