1825 



Trueman, E. R., A. R. Brand, and P. Davis. 1966. 



The effect of substrate and shell shape on the burrowing of some common 

 bivalves. Proc. Malacol. Soc . London 37(2): 97-109. 



Meroenaria (Venus) mevcenavia is not mentioned. - M.W.S. 



1826 



Tubiash, Haskell S. 1975. 



Bacterial pathogens associated with cultured bivalve mollusk larvae. In 

 Culture of Marine Invertebrate Animals. Walter L. Smith and Matoira H. Chanley 

 (edsj . Plenum Press, New York: 61-71. 



At times the laboratory at Milford, Conn, had catastrophic and inexplicable 

 overnight losses of molluscan larvae. Affected live cultures often showed 

 shimmering, vibrating particles around margins of many larvae, identified as 

 active swarming of bacteria. Named bacillary necrosis, the disease takes a 

 swift and dramatic course. Within 4 to 5 hrs early signs of infection are 

 reduction of mobility and a tendency for many larvae to lie quiescent with 

 foot and velum extended. Swarms of bacteria originating from discrete foci 

 appear on margins of some larvae. Swarming becomes progressively more 

 intense and diffuse, resembling swarming bees. In 8 hrs death is widespread 

 and in a heavily seeded culture mortality may be complete in 18 hrs. 

 Pathogenic strains obtained from oyster larvae were not as virulent or motile 

 as those from Mercenaria mercenaria. All pathogens were gram-negative, motile, 

 flagellated rods, of the Order Pseudomonadales. Five serological strains were 

 typed and labelled. Type J consisted entirely of pathogens isolated from 

 disease episodes of seed hard clams. The bacteria were identified as 3 

 species of Vibrio. Strict attention to sanitation is the primary pre- 

 ventative. - J.L.M. 



1827 



Tubiash, Haskell S.,and Paul E. Chanley. 1963. 



Bacterial necrosis of bivalve larvae. Bacteriological Proceedings, 1963: 

 164,RT16 (abstract). 



A group of gram-negative marine bacterial isolates duplicate spontaneously 

 occurring infections. Infection and death with necrosis proceeds rapidly, 

 spreading from foci which demonstrate a characteristic "swarming" by the 

 infecting bacteria. Isolates from Mercenaria mercenaria larvae and spat 

 are equally infectious for larvae of European oyster and bay scallop. Ex- 

 perimentally induced epizootics have been controlled by prophylactic and 

 therapeutic use of dihydrostreptomycin and chloramphenicol. - J.L.M. 



1828 



Tubiash, Haskell S , and Paul E. Chanley. 1965. 



Bacterial epizootics in larval and juvenile pelecypods. Am. Malacol. Union, 

 Ann. Repts. for 1965: 12. 



This publication was not seen. - M.W.S. 



1829 



Tubiash, H. S. f and P. E. Chanley. 1966. 



Infectious necrosis: A disease of larval and juvenile bivalve mollusks . 

 Proc. 55th meeting, Natl. Shellf. Assn., Washington, D.C. 21-25 July, 1963: 

 page not numbered. 



Listed by title only, under the heading "Other technical papers presented 

 at the 196 3 Convention." - M.W.S. 



508 



