protracted period of swimming and crawling that follows setting is 

 advantageous in increasing the probability that the right type of bottom will 

 be found; and that newly set quahaugs probably are not adversely affected by 

 minor disturbances of the substratum. The probability of a succession of 

 events, all of which favor survival, may be so low as to explain the rare 

 occurrence of dense sets. - J.L.M. 



1845 



Turner, Ruth Dixon. 1973. 



Quahog. In Encyclopedia Britannica, William Benton, Publisher, Chicago. 

 Vol. 18: 914. 



A corruption of the word paquahock used by New England Indians. Has short 

 siphons, so does not bury deeply. Often a portion of the valves is protruding, 

 or the shell may lie on the surface. General information also appears under 

 Bivalve, Mollusk. - J.L.M. 



1846 



Turner, Ruth D., and Arthur Christian Johnson. 1970. 



Some problems and techniaues in rearing bivalve larvae. Am. Malacol. Un. , 

 Bull, for 1969: 9-13. 



Successful rearing of bivalve larvae is a relatively recent accomplishment, 

 because eggs and larvae are small, free swimming period is relatively long, 

 and larvae must be fed. Most early work developing algal cultures and 

 controlling infestations was done by- Loosanoff and colleagues at Milford, 

 Conn, (abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography) . This paper describes an 

 inexpensive travelling laboratory developed for rearing boring and fouling 

 bivalves. - J.L.M. 



1S47 



Turney, W. Jack, and Bob F. Perkins. 1972. 



Molluscan distribution in Florida Bay. Sedimenta III. Compar. Sedimentol. 

 Lab., Div. Mar. Geol. Geophys., Univ. Miami, Rosenstiel School Mar. 

 Atmosph. Sci., 37 p. 



Mereenaria mercenaria was among the species identified. Many species, 

 including hard clam, thrive in temperate climates, and some range as far 

 north as Nova Scotia. The fauna of the Bay were predominantly molluscan, 

 represented by about 100 genera and 140 recognized species. Sediment 

 particles greater than 1/8 mm made up 58 to 95% of bottom deposits. It was 

 believed that the disintegration process is caused by crabs, boring sponge, 

 perforating algae, holothurians , worms, and Thalassia roots. - J.L.M. and 

 M.W.S. 



1848 



Twarog, Betty M. 1954. 



Responses of a molluscan smooth muscle to acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine 

 J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 44: 141-163. 



This paper deals primarily with experiments on Mytilus edulis, but Venus is 

 mentioned on p. 146, 15 3, and 154. It is not clear from the context how much 

 of the discussion actually applies to Venus, so this abstract touches only on 

 the paragraphs in which specific reference is made, except for the section 

 describing the nature of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) . Acetone extracts of 5-HT 



(serotonin; enteramine) were assayed on Venus heart, which was soaked for at 

 least 10 min in 10 _5 M Mytolon before assay. The acetylcholine (ACh) block 

 produced by this method is complete, - and Is not reversed when Mytolon solution 

 is washed off. Activity of the extract was matched by known doses of 5-HT 



(serotonin creatinine sulfate) and from this the 5-HT content of the extract 

 was calculated. (The section that follows, titled RESULTS, may describe 

 studies of Venus, but no specific reference is made and figure legends to not 

 identify species.) Two determinations on Venus heart showed an inhibitory 

 effect equivalent respectively to 1 . 2 and 1.1 ug ACH/g wet weight of tissue. 



513 



